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In this study, we investigated the immune interactions of the vector beetle\n                    <jats:italic>Monochamus alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Ma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to the devastating plant parasitic nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the insect parasitic nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Howardula phyllotretae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). We report the unique immune mechanism by which the vectorbeetle tolerates many devastating\n                    <jats:italic>Bx<\/jats:italic>\n                    in its trachea, yet that immune tolerance is compromised by the parasitic nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Hp.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Contact with either nematode species triggers epithelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in\n                    <jats:italic>Ma.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Only the entry of\n                    <jats:italic>Bx<\/jats:italic>\n                    , not\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    , infection, induces increased expression of antioxidative genes, through which the ROS levels are balanced in the trachea of beetles. Furthermore, we found that up\u2010regulation of antioxidative genes was induced by the interaction of Toll receptors. In contrast, beetles infected by\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    retain high levels of oxidative stress and melanization in trachea, and as a result, decrease\n                    <jats:italic>Bx<\/jats:italic>\n                    loading. This study highlights the role of Toll receptors in mediating the activation of antioxidative genes in immune tolerance to plant parasitic nematodes, and suggests the use of insect parasites as a biologic control.\u2014Zhou, J., Zhao, L.\u2010L., Yu, H.\u2010Y., Wang, Y.\u2010H., Zhang, W., Hu, S.\u2010N., Zou, Z., Sun, J.\u2010H. Immune tolerance of vector beetle to its partner plant parasitic nematode modulated by its insect parasitic nematode. FASEB J. 32, 4862\u20134877 (2018).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800247r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T15:41:07Z","timestamp":1522683667000},"page":"4862-4877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Immune tolerance of vector beetle to its partner plant parasitic nematode modulated by its insect parasitic nematode"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Lin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song-Nian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Hua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508668103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.21.090183.001221","article-title":"Pathology of the pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. 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