{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:32:59Z","timestamp":1786710779295,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG028383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG028383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exosomes derived from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) 4 type neural precursor cells (CSPG4Es) were purified from human plasma by sequential immunoabsorption with anti\u2010CSPG4 and anti\u2010platelet growth factor receptor \u03b1 mAb to characterize the potential\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    roles of CSPG4 cells in neuronal repair. Hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)\u20102 and \u201013, and type 1 insulin\u2010like growth factor (IGF\u20101), which enhance neuronal survival and functions, were quantified in CSPG4E extracts. For CSPG4Es of 24 healthy control subjects, mean levels of hepatocyte growth factor, FGF\u201013, and IGF\u20101, but not FGF\u20102, were significantly higher by up to 7\u2010fold than in their neuronal\u2010derived exosomes, and mean levels of all 4 growth factors were significantly higher by up to 8\u2010fold than in their astrocyte\u2010derived exosomes. Mean CSPG4E levels of all growth factors were significantly lower in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 24) than in age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched cognitively normal control subjects (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 24). Mean CSPG4E levels of all growth factors were also significantly lower in 15 patients at the stage of moderate dementia from AD (AD\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and at their preclinical stage 3 to 8 yr earlier (AD\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), with no differences between values at stages AD\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and AD\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Current findings suggest that CSPG4 cells export in exosomes higher levels of neurotrophic factors than neurons or astrocytes and that CSPG4E neurotrophic factors are diminished early in AD, with no significant progression of decreases later in the course.\u2014Goetzl, E. J., Nogueras\u2010Ortiz, C., Mustapic, M., Mullins, R. J., Abner, E. L., Schwartz, J. B., Kapogiannis, D. Deficient neurotrophic factors of CSPG4\u2010type neural cell exosomes in Alzheimer disease. FASEB J. 33, 231\u2013238 (2019).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T18:38:47Z","timestamp":1529519927000},"page":"231-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Deficient neurotrophic factors of CSPG4\u2010type neural cell exosomes in Alzheimer disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Goetzl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Jewish Home of San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Nogueras-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences National Institute on Aging  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Mustapic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences National Institute on Aging  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences National Institute on Aging  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Abner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice B.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Jewish Home of San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kapogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences National Institute on Aging  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-163927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/540207a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601221R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"NG2 cells in the brain: a novel glial cell population","volume":"14","author":"Nishiyama A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. 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