{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:32:56Z","timestamp":1791495176043,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is characterized by abnormal interactions between kidney\u2010infiltrating macrophages and glomerular mesangial cells. Recently, a novel cell\u2010cell communication mediated by exosomes has gained attention. Exosomes are membrane\u2010bound vesicles that contain a variety of molecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs. Exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. In this study, we show that high glucose (HG) led to increased excretion of exosomes from macrophages. Mesangial cells took up exosomes\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which resulted in the activation and proliferation of mesangial cells and the secretion of extracellular matrix and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, C57BL\/6 mice injected with exosomes from HG\u2010treated macrophages showed morphologic and functional changes. We then showed that exosomes from HG\u2010treated TGF\u2010\u03b21 knockdown macrophages induced less extracellular matrix and fewer inflammatory factors in mesangial cells compared with vector control. Our findings suggest that TGF\u2010\u03b21 mRNA in exosomes serves a role between macrophages and mesangial cells by activating the TGF\u2010\u03b21\/ mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 pathway.\u2014Zhu, Q.\u2010J., Zhu, M., Xu, M.\u2010X., Meng, X.\u2010M., Wu, Y.\u2010G. Exosomes from high glucose\u2010treated macrophages activate glomerular mesangial cells\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad3 pathway\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . FASEB J. 33, 9279\u20139290 (2019).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802427rrr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T16:18:52Z","timestamp":1559665132000},"page":"9279-9290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Exosomes from high glucose\u2013treated macrophages activate glomerular mesangial cells\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smad3 pathway\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Qi\u2010Jin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing\u2010Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ming","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Gui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/679754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/514738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"The macrophage is a key factor in renal injuries caused by glomerular hyperfiltration","volume":"65","author":"Sasaki M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med. 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