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Many PDZ proteins that have been identified as targets of viral pathogens by promoting viral replication and spread are also involved in epithelial cell polarity. Here, we briefly review the PDZ polarity proteins in cells of the immune system to subsequently focus on our hypothesis that the viral PDZ\u2010dependent targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in these cells may alter the cellular fitness of the host to favor that of the virus; we further hypothesize that this modification of the cellular fitness landscape occurs as a common and widespread mechanism for immune evasion by viruses and possibly other pathogens.\u2014Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez, L. H., Santos\u2010Mendoza, T. Viral targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in the immune system as a potential evasion mechanism. FASEB J. 33, 10607\u201310617 (2019).\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fasebj.org\">www.fasebj.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900518r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T19:44:10Z","timestamp":1563911050000},"page":"10607-10617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Viral targeting of PDZ polarity proteins in the immune system as a potential evasion mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Luis H.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Mycology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Santos-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89074-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2003.179.re7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/bioa.1.4.17594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.021253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200309044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.43.26899"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142362"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002820"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"el8159","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018159","article-title":"Participation of the cell polarity protein PALS1 to T-cell receptor-mediated NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"6","author":"Carvalho G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20121755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200711149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200803120","article-title":"Spinophilin and the immune synapse","volume":"181","author":"Seed B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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