{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:26:05Z","timestamp":1778599565730,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004784","name":"Novartis Stiftung\u00a0f\u00fcr\u00a0Medizinisch-Biologische Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_129842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_129842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In advanced chronic liver disease (CLD), the translocation of intestinal bacteria and the resultant increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the splanchnic and systemic circulation may contribute to the progression of fibrosis. We therefore speculated that fibrosis and portal hypertension (PHT) would be attenuated in a mouse model of limited intestinal colonization with altered Schaedler flora (ASF) compared to a more complex colonization with specific pathogen\u2010free (SPF) flora. We induced liver fibrosis in ASF and SPF mice by common bile duct ligation (BDL) or by carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) treatment. We then measured portal pressure (PP), portosystemic shunts (PSSs), and harvested tissues for further analyses. There were no differences in PP between sham\u2010treated ASF or SPF mice. After BDL or CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment, PP, PSSs, and hepatic collagen deposition increased in both groups. However, the increase in PP and the degree of fibrosis was significantly higher in ASF than SPF mice. Expression of fibrotic markers \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin, desmin, and platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor \u03b2 were significantly higher in ASF than SPF mice. This was associated with higher activation of hepatic immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils) and decreased expression of the intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins (claudin\u20101, occludin\u20101). In 2 models of advanced CLD, SPF mice presented significantly attenuated liver injury, fibrosis, and PHT compared to ASF mice. In contrast to our hypothesis, these findings suggest that a complex intestinal microbiota may play a \u201chepatoprotective\u201d role.\u2014Moghadamrad, S., Hassan, M., McCoy, K. D., Kirundi, J., Kellmann, P., De Gottardi, A. Attenuated fibrosis in specific pathogen\u2010free microbiota in experimental cholestasis\u2010 and toxin\u2010induced liver injury. 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