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Cellular targets in the brain include microglia which in response to infection release inflammatory markers and viral proteins. Evidence suggests that PPAR\u03b3 agonists exert anti\u2010inflammatory properties in neurological disorders. However, these agonists namely, thiazolidinediones have limited use in the clinic due to reported adverse side effects. INT131 is a novel non\u2010thiazolidinedione compound that belongs to a new class of drugs known as selective PPAR\u03b3 modulators. INT131 is considered to have a safer profile; however, its neuroprotective role in vivo is not known.The goal of this study was to examine the effect of INT131 in the context of EcoHIV\u2010induced inflammation in vitro\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    in primary cultures of mouse glial cells and in vivo, in a mouse model of EcoHIV\u2010associated brain inflammation, as well as characterize its pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration. In primary cultures of glial cells and in the in vivo mouse model, EcoHIV exposure resulted in a significant elevation of inflammatory markers such as TNF\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, CCL3, and C3 which were attenuated with INT131 treatment. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that INT131 penetrates into the brain with a brain to blood partition ratio Kp value of 8.5%. Overall, this is the first report to demonstrate that INT131 could be a potential candidate for the treatment of HIV\u20101\u2010associated brain inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901874r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T06:51:38Z","timestamp":1577515898000},"page":"1996-2010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Selective peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma modulator, INT131 exhibits anti\u2010inflammatory effects in an EcoHIV mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Amila","family":"Omeragic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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