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Due to their plasticity and ability to adapt to the local microenvironment in a tissue\u2010dependent manner, macrophages display polar functional phenotypes characterized by their cell surface markers and their cytokine profiles. We found accumulation of hemoglobin\u2010scavenging cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163)(+) macrophages in laser\u2010induced CNV lesions and higher expression of CD163(+) monocytes in the peripheral blood on day 7 post injury in mice. In comparison, CD80(+) macrophages did not differ with laser\u2010injury in young or aged mice and did not significantly change in the peripheral blood of CNV mice. We examined the percentages of CD163(+), CD206(+), and CD80(+) monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with wet AMD, patients with dry AMD, and in age\u2010matched individuals without AMD as controls. Percentages of peripheral blood CD163(+) monocytes in both dry AMD (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and wet AMD (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) were higher than in age\u2010matched non\u2010AMD controls, while there was no difference between the groups in the percentages of peripheral CD206(+) and CD80(+) monocytes. Further, serum level of soluble CD163 (sCD163) was elevated only in patients with wet AMD (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). An examination of 40 cytokine levels across the study groups revealed that anti\u2010VEGF treated patients with wet AMD, who showed no exudative signs on the day of blood drawing had a cytokine profile that was similar to that of non\u2010AMD individuals. These results indicate that CD163 could be further evaluated for its potential as a useful marker of disease activity in patients with neovascular AMD. Future studies will address the origin and potential mechanistic role of CD163(+) macrophages in wet AMD pathologies of angiogenesis and leakage of blood components.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901902rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T05:54:30Z","timestamp":1587794070000},"page":"8001-8011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Peripheral blood CD163(+) monocytes and soluble CD163 in dry and neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Narsis","family":"Daftarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomarkers Nano\u2010Imaging Laboratory Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souska","family":"Zandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomarkers Nano\u2010Imaging Laboratory Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Swiss Eye Institute Rotkreuz and Berner Augenklinik am Lindenhofspital Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golbarg","family":"Piryaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahin","family":"Nikougoftar Zarif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Research Center High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Ranaei Pirmardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomarkers Nano\u2010Imaging Laboratory Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qurban","family":"Behzadian Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Negah Specialty Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hasanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Negah Specialty Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Samiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Research Center High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel B.","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Eye Institute Rotkreuz and Berner Augenklinik am Lindenhofspital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra\u2010Soheila","family":"Soheili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Medical Biotechnology National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology 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