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Here we report that in in vitro low stress culture conditions consisting of a fibroblast feeder layer, rho\u2010associated coiled coil protein kinase inhibitor (ROCKi), and low oxygen (2%), normal human bronchial epithelial basal progenitor cells (HBECs) divide for over 200 PD without engaging a telomere maintenance mechanism (almost four times the \u201cHayflick limit\u201d). HBECs exhibit critically short telomeres at 200 PD and the population of cells start to undergo replicative senescence. Subcloning these late passage cells to clonal density, to mimic lung injury in vivo, selects for rare subsets of HBECs that activate low levels of telomerase activity to maintain short telomeres. CRISPR\/Cas9 knockout of human telomerase reverse transcriptase or treatment with the telomerase\u2010mediated telomere targeting agent 6\u2010thio\u20102\u2032deoxyguanosine abrogates colony growth in these late passage cultures (&gt;200 PD) but not in early passage cultures (&lt;200 PD). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report such long\u2010term growth of HBECs without a telomere maintenance mechanism. This report also provides direct evidence of telomerase activation in HBECs near senescence when telomeres are critically short. This novel cell culture system provides an experimental model to understand how telomerase is regulated in normal adult tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902376r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T08:12:17Z","timestamp":1574410337000},"page":"386-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Proliferation of adult human bronchial epithelial cells without a telomere maintenance mechanism for over 200 population doublings"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Peters\u2010Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical 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