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This study investigated responses to spent coffee grounds in a diet\u2010induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats aged 8\u20109\u00a0weeks were fed either corn starch\u2010rich diet or high\u2010carbohydrate, high\u2010fat diet for 16\u00a0weeks, which were supplemented with 5% spent coffee grounds during the last 8\u00a0weeks. Rats fed non\u2010supplemented diets were used as controls. High\u2010carbohydrate, high\u2010fat diet\u2010fed rats developed metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular and liver damage. Body weight, abdominal fat, total body fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of plasma triglycerides and non\u2010esterified fatty acids were reduced by spent coffee grounds along with improved glucose tolerance and structure and function of heart and liver. Spent coffee grounds increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Changes in gut microbiota correlated with the reduction in obesity and improvement in glucose tolerance and systolic blood pressure. These findings indicate that intervention with spent coffee grounds may be useful for managing obesity and metabolic syndrome by altering the gut microbiota, thus increasing the value of this food waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902416rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T07:24:00Z","timestamp":1581319440000},"page":"4783-4797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Modulation of gut microbiota by spent coffee grounds attenuates diet\u2010induced metabolic syndrome in rats"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nikhil S.","family":"Bhandarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Research Group University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 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