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Peyer's patches (PPs), a well\u2010characterized gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissue, are the entry site for luminal antigens and the initiation site for antigen\u2010specific immune responses. However, few studies have explored the composition of lymphoid tissue\u2010resident commensal bacteria (LRCs) in stress\u2010associated disorders. Male C57BL\/6 mice exposed to chronic social stress were analyzed for microbiome on the interior of PPs and changes in inflammation. Susceptible mice (SUS) exhibited a composition of bacteria inside PPs that was distinct from that of control (CON) and resilient (RES) mice, including an increase in\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus Arthromitus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SFB) and a decrease in\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Foxp3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were significantly reduced in SUS mice. Relative mRNA levels of\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    were significantly reduced in SUS mice, and the mRNA levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Bcl\u20106<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IFN\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20106,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the IgA protein levels in the ileum were significantly increased. Moreover, in the prefrontal cortex of SUS mice,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were increased, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u201010<\/jats:italic>\n                    was decreased. The correlational analyses revealed that social interaction ratio was negatively correlated with SFB and positively associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and four other candidate protective organisms. These results pointed the possibility that the changes in the LRCs induced by chronic social defeat stress were ultimately associated with the inflammation of the brain and exacerbation of depressive\u2010like behaviors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902680rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T05:00:19Z","timestamp":1587790819000},"page":"8310-8325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of lymphoid tissue\u2010resident commensal bacteria in mice with depressive\u2010like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ruining","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining 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