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Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) are a source of na\u00efve macrophages capable of reducing joint inflammation and producing molecules essential for cartilage metabolism. This study investigated the response of BMNC to normal (SF) and inflamed synovial fluid (ISF). Equine BMNC cultured in autologous SF or ISF (n\u00a0=\u00a08 horses) developed into macrophage\u2010rich cultures with phenotypes similar to cells native to normal SF and became more confluent in ISF (~100%) than SF (~25%). BMNC cultured in SF or ISF were neither M1\u2010 nor M2\u2010like, but exhibited aspects of both phenotypes and a regulatory immune response, characterized by increasing counts of IL\u201010\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages, decreasing IL\u20101\u03b2 concentrations and progressively increasing IL\u201010 and IGF\u20101 concentrations. Changes were more marked in ISF and suggest that homeostatic mechanisms were preserved over time and were potentially favored by progressive cell proliferation. Collectively, our data suggest that intra\u2010articular BMNC could increase synovial macrophage counts, potentiating the macrophage\u2010 and IL\u201010\u2010associated mechanisms of joint homeostasis lost during the progression of OA, preserving the production of cytokines involved in tissue repair (PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , IL\u201010) generally impaired by frequently used corticosteroids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902698r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:20:05Z","timestamp":1581034805000},"page":"4430-4444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inflamed synovial fluid induces a homeostatic response in bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro: Implications for joint therapy"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Bruno 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