{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:45:15Z","timestamp":1767915915996,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81501196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autophagy, a macromolecular degradation process, plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation and survival. This study was designed to investigate the role of autophagy in the osteogenic differentiation in ligamentum fibroblasts. Rat ligamentum fibroblasts were isolated from the posterior longitudinal ligament and cultured in osteogenic induction medium. Ultrastructural analysis, immunofluorescence assay, western blot, flow cytometry, and lysosomal activity assessment were performed to determine the presence and activity of autophagy in the cells. The mineralization deposit and osteogenic gene expressions were evaluated to classify the association between autophagy activity and the bone formation ability of the spinal ligament cells. The influence of leptin and endothelin\u20101 on the autophagy activity was also evaluated. Our study demonstrated that autophagy was present and increased in the ligament cells under osteogenic induction. Inhibition of autophagy with either pharmacologic inhibitors (Bafilomycin A and 3\u2010methyladenine) or Belcin1 (BECN1) knocking down weakened the mineralization capacity, decreased the gene expressions of COL1A1, osteocalcin (Ocn), and runt\u2010related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the ligamentum fibroblasts and increased cell apoptosis. The Adenosine 5'\u2010monophosphate (AMP)\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK)\u2010BECN1 autophagic pathway was activated in the osteogenic differentiating ligamentum fibroblasts. Leptin significantly increased the autophagy activity in the ligament cells under osteogenic induction. These discoveries might improve our understanding for the mechanism of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and provide new approaches on the prevention and treatment of this not uncommon disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201903216rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T10:37:08Z","timestamp":1595846228000},"page":"8876-8886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The roles of autophagy in osteogenic differentiation in rat ligamentum fibroblasts: Evidence and possible implications"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Center Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Fifth Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou P.R. 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