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We screened 532 Taiwanese T1DM patients for CD biomarkers including anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase (TGM2), anti\u2010gliadin and anti\u2010neoepitope antibodies (Abs), sequencing DQB1 genotypes, and characterized the TGM2 Abs. We report that 3.76% of Taiwanese patients had TGM2\u2010Abs and all had no CD's symptoms. In contrast to Caucasian's CD patients, DQ2\/DQ8 only constituted ~4\/5 of TGM2\u2010Abs positive patients, while the other ~1\/5 patients belonged to different HLA genotypes. Either anti\u2010gliadin or anti\u2010neoepitope Abs coexisted with ~3\/4 of TGM2\u2010Abs positive patients that were likely due to gluten\u2010ingestion, while the cause of TGM2\u2010Abs production for other ~1\/4 of patients was unknown. Purified anti\u2010TGM2 IgA (TGA) and anti\u2010TGM2 IgG (TGG) could bind on endothelial cells surface, recognized native better than denatured forms of TGM2, and TGA inhibited TGM2\u2019s transamidation activity by up to 80% but TGG had no effects. Epitope mapping of all TGM2\u2010Abs positive sera demonstrated that TGM2\u2010Abs had heterogeneity in specificities. This is the first study on the differences between Taiwanese Han group and Caucasian in HLA genotypes and properties of TGM2\u2010Abs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000269r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T04:38:56Z","timestamp":1588480736000},"page":"8459-8474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HLA\u2010DQ genotype and biochemical characterization of anti\u2010transglutaminase 2 antibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yann\u2010Jinn","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Medicine MaKkay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology MacKay Children's Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Hsin","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MaKkay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology MacKay Children's Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Jui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MaKkay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology MacKay Children's Hospital Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management Taipei Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Sung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Chung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung\u2010Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Shan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thung\u2010S.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-040210-092915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S013","article-title":"13. 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