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We investigated the effects of propionic acid (PA) and caproic acid (CA) on metabolic risk factors, liver and adipose tissue pathology, brain function, structure (by MRI), and gene expression, during obesity development in Ldlr\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    .Leiden mice. Ldlr\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    .Leiden mice received 16\u00a0weeks either a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, or chow as reference group. Next, obese HFD\u2010fed mice were treated 12\u00a0weeks with (a) HFD\u00a0+\u00a0CA (CA), (b) HFD\u00a0+\u00a0PA (PA), or (c) a HFD\u2010control group. PA reduced the body weight and systolic blood pressure, lowered fasting insulin levels, and reduced HFD\u2010induced liver macrovesicular steatosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and collagen content. PA increased the amount of glucose transporter type 1\u2010positive cerebral blood vessels, reverted cerebral vasoreactivity, and HFD\u2010induced effects in microstructural gray and white matter integrity of optic tract, and somatosensory and visual cortex. PA and CA also reverted HFD\u2010induced effects in functional connectivity between visual and auditory cortex. However, PA mice were more anxious in open field, and showed reduced activity of synaptogenesis and glutamate regulators in hippocampus. Therefore, PA treatment should be used with caution even though positive metabolic, (cerebro) vascular, and brain structural and functional effects were observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000455r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T10:37:08Z","timestamp":1595846228000},"page":"9575-9593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Propionic acid and not caproic acid, attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and improves (cerebro) vascular functions in obese Ldlr\n                    <sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/sup>\n                    .Leiden mice"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Anouk C.","family":"Tengeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Preclinical Imaging Centre Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Gart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Health Research The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Wiesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Preclinical Imaging Centre Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse A. 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