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In a maternal food restriction (MFR) during pregnancy\u2010related IUGR rat model, bone marrow stem cells showed enhanced adipogenic programming; however, the effect of IUGR on white adipose tissue (WAT) progenitors is unknown. Here, by mRNA and functional profiling, we determined sex\u2010specific adipogenic programming of WAT progenitors isolated from pups on the postnatal day (PND) 1 and 21. On PND1, PPAR\u03b3 and Pref\u20101 expression was significantly downregulated in preadipocytes of both MFR males and females; however, at PND21, preadipocytes of MFR males showed upregulation in these genes. Even following adipogenic induction, both male and female MFR adipocytes exhibited lower PPAR\u03b3, ADRP, and adiponectin levels at PND1; however, at PND21 MFR male adipocytes showed an upward trend in the expression of these genes. An adipogenesis\u2010specific RT\u2010PCR array showed that male MFR adipocytes were programmed to exhibit stronger adipogenic propensity than females. Last, serum sex hormone and adipocyte estrogen\/testosterone receptor expression profiles provide preliminary insights into the possible mechanism underlying sex\u2010specific adipogenic programming in the IUGR offspring. In summary, IUGR programs WAT preadipocytes to greater adipogenic potential in males. Although the altered adipogenic programming following MFR was detectable at PND1, the changes were more pronounced at PND21, suggesting a potential role of postnatal nutrition in facilitating the sex\u2010specific adipogenic programming in the IUGR offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000985rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T03:36:01Z","timestamp":1602560161000},"page":"16073-16085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Maternal food restriction\u2010induced intrauterine growth restriction in a rat model leads to sex\u2010specific adipogenic programming"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sreevidya","family":"Sreekantha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA USA"},{"name":"David Geffen School of 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