{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:20:50Z","timestamp":1793755250583,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI146779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI146779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 CA225655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 CA225655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI146779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI146779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM007753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM007753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The diagnosis of COVID\u201019 requires integration of clinical and laboratory data. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) diagnostic assays play a central role in diagnosis and have fixed technical performance metrics. Interpretation becomes challenging because the clinical sensitivity changes as the virus clears and the immune response emerges. Our goal was to examine the clinical sensitivity of two most common SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 diagnostic test modalities, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology, over the disease course to provide insight into their clinical interpretation in patients presenting to the hospital. We conducted a single\u2010center, retrospective study. To derive clinical sensitivity of PCR, we identified 209 PCR\u2010positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 patients with multiple PCR test results (624 total PCR tests) and calculated daily sensitivity from date of symptom onset or first positive test. Clinical sensitivity of PCR decreased with days post symptom onset with &gt;90% clinical sensitivity during the first 5\u00a0days after symptom onset, 70%\u201071% from Days 9 to 11, and 30% at Day 21. To calculate daily clinical sensitivity by serology, we utilized 157 PCR\u2010positive patients with a total of 197 specimens tested by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay for IgM, IgG, and IgA anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies. In contrast to PCR, serological sensitivity increased with days post symptom onset with &gt;50% of patients seropositive by at least one antibody isotype after Day 7, &gt;80% after Day 12, and 100% by Day 21. Taken together, PCR and serology are complimentary modalities that require time\u2010dependent interpretation. Superimposition of sensitivities over time indicate that serology can function as a reliable diagnostic aid indicating recent or prior infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001700rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T12:28:02Z","timestamp":1598617682000},"page":"13877-13884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Clinical sensitivity and interpretation of PCR and serological COVID\u201019 diagnostics for patients presenting to the hospital"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tyler E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfredo F.","family":"Garcia Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts 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John","family":"Iafrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen K.","family":"Lennerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA 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serology: test, test, test, but interpret with caution!","volume":"20","author":"Bermingham WH","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2020.1763449"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2017739","article-title":"Waiting for certainty on Covid\u201019 antibody tests \u2010 at what cost?","volume":"383","author":"Weinstein MC","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0897-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201246"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang 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