{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:35:24Z","timestamp":1793745324859,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    COVID\u201019 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an oxidative stress imbalance has been demonstrated to occur in COVID\u201019 patients.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010 Acetyl\u2010L\u2010cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its tolerability, this pleiotropic drug has been proposed not only as a mucolytic agent, but also as a preventive\/therapeutic agent in a variety of disorders involving GSH depletion and oxidative stress. At very high doses, NAC is also used as an antidote against paracetamol intoxication. Thiols block the angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 thereby hampering penetration of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 into cells. Based on a broad range of antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory mechanisms, which are herein reviewed, the oral administration of NAC is likely to attenuate the risk of developing COVID\u201019, as it was previously demonstrated for influenza and influenza\u2010like illnesses. Moreover, high\u2010dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID\u201019 cases and in the control of its lethal complications, also including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T23:27:46Z","timestamp":1597188466000},"page":"13185-13193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Rationale for the use of\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Silvio","family":"De Flora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roumen","family":"Balansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Oncology Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"La Maestra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","article-title":"COVID\u201019: immunopathology and its implications for therapy","author":"Cao X","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Rev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","article-title":"Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID\u201019","author":"Li X","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"A current review of COVID\u201019 for the cardiovascular specialist [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 3]","volume":"226","author":"Lang JP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0. 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