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Potential treatment strategies against COVID\u201019 are yet to be devised. It is crucial that antivirals that interfere with the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 life cycle be identified and developed. 3\u2010Chymotrypsin\u2010like protease (3CLpro) is an attractive antiviral drug target against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, and coronaviruses in general, because of its role in the processing of viral polyproteins. Inhibitors of 3CLpro activity are screened in enzyme assays before further development of the most promising leads. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common additive used in such assays and enhances the solubility of assay components. However, it may also potentially affect the stability and efficiency of 3CLpro but, to date, this effect had not been analyzed in detail. Here, we investigated the effect of DMSO on 3CLpro\u2010catalyzed reaction. While DMSO (5%\u201020%) decreased the optimum temperature of catalysis and thermodynamic stability of 3CLpro, it only marginally affected the kinetic stability of the enzyme. Increasing the DMSO concentration up to 20% improved the catalytic efficiency and peptide\u2010binding affinity of 3CLpro. At such high DMSO concentration, the solubility and stability of peptide substrate were improved because of reduced aggregation. In conclusion, we recommend 20% DMSO as the minimum concentration to be used in screens of 3CLpro inhibitors as lead compounds for the development of antiviral drugs against COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T14:19:38Z","timestamp":1627568378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dimethyl sulfoxide reduces the stability but enhances catalytic activity of the main SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 protease 3CLpro"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Juliana C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Division New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Fadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Division New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi 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