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Atorvastatin has been found to have neuroprotective effects in some nervous system diseases, but its role in regulating the pathogenesis of neonatal HIBD remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effects and related mechanisms of atorvastatin on the regulation of neuronal apoptosis after HIBD in newborn rats. The rat HIBD model and the neuronal oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model were established routinely. Atorvastatin, cAMP inhibitor (SQ22536), and BDNF inhibitor (ANA\u201012) were used to treat HIBD rats and OGD neurons. Cerebral infarction, learning and memory ability, cAMP\/PKA\/p\u2010CREB\/BDNF signaling molecules, and apoptosis\u2010related indicators (TUNEL, cleaved caspase\u20103, and Bax\/Bcl2) were then examined. In vivo, atorvastatin reduced cerebral infarction, improved learning and memory ability, decreased the number of TUNEL\u2010positive neurons, inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase\u20103 and Bax\/Bcl2, and activated the cAMP\/PKA\/p\u2010CREB\/BDNF pathway in the cerebral cortex after HIBD. In vitro, atorvastatin also decreased the apoptosis\u2010related indicators and activated the cAMP\/PKA\/p\u2010CREB\/BDNF pathway in neurons after OGD. Furthermore, inhibition of cAMP or BDNF attenuated the effect of atorvastatin on the reduction of neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that atorvastatin inhibits HIBD\u2010induced neuronal apoptosis and alleviates brain injury in neonatal rats mainly by activating the cAMP\/PKA\/p\u2010CREB\/BDNF pathway. In conclusion, atorvastatin may be developed as a potential drug for the treatment of neonatal HIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101654rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T13:40:33Z","timestamp":1647610833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Atorvastatin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via activating cAMP\/PKA\/p\u2010CREB\/BDNF pathway in hypoxic\u2010ischemic neonatal rats"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Luting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University Ministry of Education  Chengdu 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