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Here, we study the roles of Grxs in the pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show that Grxs are localized in the mitochondria (Grx1), cytoplasm (Grx2), and apicoplast (Grx3, Grx4), while Grx5 had an undetectable level of expression. We generated \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>grx1\u20105<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    type I RH and type II Pru strains using CRISPR\u2010Cas9 system. No significant differences in the infectivity were detected between four \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>grx<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>grx2\u2010grx5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) strains and their respective wild\u2010type (WT) strains in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, no differences were detected in the production of reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, and sensitivity to external oxidative stimuli. Interestingly, RH\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>grx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or Pru\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>grx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited significant differences in all the investigated aspects compared to the other\n                    <jats:italic>grx2\u2010grx5<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant and WT strains. Transcriptome analysis suggests that deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>grx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    altered the expression of genes involved in transport and metabolic pathways, signal transduction, translation, and obsolete oxidation\u2013reduction process. The data support the conclusion that\n                    <jats:italic>grx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    supports\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance to oxidative killing and is essential for the parasite growth in cultured cells and pathogenicity in mice and that the active site CGFS motif was necessary for Grx1 activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201275r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:20:39Z","timestamp":1682688039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The antioxidant protein glutaredoxin 1 is essential for oxidative stress response and pathogenicity of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Gansu Province Lanzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Sichuan Province Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan\u2010Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Gansu Province Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin\u2010Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Gansu Province Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany M.","family":"Elsheikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Gansu Province Lanzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Sichuan Province Chengdu People's Republic of 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