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Structures, functions, modifications, regulators and pathological implications of ANTs for human diseases are intensively demonstrated here. ANTs have four isoforms (ANT1\u20104), responsible for exchanging ATP\/ADP, possibly composing of pro\u2010apoptotic mPTP as a major component, and mediating FA\u2010dependent uncoupling of proton efflux. ANT can be modified by methylation, nitrosylation and nitroalkylation, acetylation, glutathionylation, phosphorylation, carbonylation and hydroxynonenal\u2010induced modifications. Compounds, including bongkrekic acid, atractyloside calcium, carbon monoxide, minocycline, 4\u2010(N\u2010(S\u2010penicillaminylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid, cardiolipin, free long\u2010chain fatty acids, agaric acid, long chain acyl\u2010coenzyme A esters, all have an ability to regulate ANT activities. ANT impairment leads to bioenergetic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to pathogenesis of diseases, such as diabetes (deficiency), heart disease (deficiency), Parkinson's disease (reduction), Sengers Syndrome (decrease), cancer (isoform shifting), Alzheimer's Disease (coaggregation with Tau), Progressive External Opthalmoplegia (mutation), and Fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (overexpression). This review improves the understanding of the mechanism of ANT in pathogenesis of human diseases, and opens a window for novel therapeutic strategies targeted on ANT in diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201855rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T12:35:00Z","timestamp":1684931700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Adenine nucleotide translocase: Current knowledge in post\u2010translational modifications, regulations and pathological implications for human diseases"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yingfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grade 2020 Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leshuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grade 2019 Dalian Medical University  Dalian 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