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Inhibiting microglial response in olfactory bulb (OB) can ameliorate AR\u2010related OD, but no precise targets have been available. In this study, we established a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)\u2010induced AR and combined with the application of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)\u2010specific antagonists and cell culture in conditioned medium to investigate the role and mechanism of OB microglial P2X7R in AR\u2010related OD. Serum IgE and IL\u20105 levels determined via ELISA and federated the number of nose\u2010scratching to affirm the success of OVA\u2010induced AR mouse model. Buried food pellet test was used to evaluate the olfactory function of mice. The changes of IBA1, GFAP, P2X7R, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20101Ra, and CASPASE 1 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined by the commercialized kit. The morphological changes of microglia were assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Sholl analysis. Findings showed that AR\u2010related OD was associated with OB microglia\u2010mediated imbalance between IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20101Ra. Treatment with BBG improved the olfactory function in AR mice with restoring the balance between IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20101Ra. In vitro, the conditioned medium obtained after HNEpC treatment with Der p1 could activate HMC3 to arise inflammatory reaction basing on \u201cATP\u2010P2X7R\u2010Caspase 1\u201d axis, while inhibition of its P2X7R suppressed the reaction. In brief, microglial P2X7R in OB is a direct effector molecule in AR\u2010related OD and inhibition of it may be a new strategy for the treatment of AR\u2010related OD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300160rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T17:02:34Z","timestamp":1683738154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<scp>P2X7<\/scp>\n                    receptor of microglia in olfactory bulb mediates the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5418-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University  Yantai China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center 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