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Thioredoxin\u20101 (Trx\u20101) scavenges ROS and may play a role in restoring CM renewal. However, the truncated form of Trx\u20101, Trx\u201080, can compromise its efficacy by exerting antagonistic effects. Therefore, a Trx\u20101 mimetic peptide called CB3 was tested as an alternative way to restore CMs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Trx\u20101, Trx\u201080, and CB3 on mice with experimental MI and study the underlying mechanism of CB3 on CMs. Mouse cardiac parameters were quantified by echocardiography, and infarction size and fibrosis determined using Trichrome and Picro\u2010Sirius Red staining. The study found that Trx\u20101 and CB3 improved mouse cardiac function, reduced the size of cardiac infarct and fibrosis, and decreased the expression of cardiac inflammatory markers. Furthermore, CB3 polarized macrophages into M2 phenotype, reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress after MI, and increased CM proliferation in cell culture and in\u00a0vivo. CB3 effectively protected against myocardial infarction and could represent a new class of compounds for treating MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300792rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T07:44:46Z","timestamp":1702539886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thioredoxin\u20101 and its mimetic peptide improve systolic cardiac function and remodeling after myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Medali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A\u2010IBPS) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris 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