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Loss\u2010of\u2010function\n                    <jats:italic>CTCF<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation in &gt;20% of human endometrial tumors indicates its importance in uterine homeostasis. To better understand how CTCF\u2010mediated enhancer\u2010gene interactions impact endometrial development and function, the\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was selectively deleted in female reproductive tissues of mice. Prepubertal\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>d\/d<\/jats:sup>\n                    uterine tissue exhibited a marked reduction in the number of uterine glands compared to those without\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion (\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>f\/f<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice). Post\u2010pubertal\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>d\/d<\/jats:sup>\n                    uteri were hypoplastic with significant reduction in both the amount of the endometrial stroma and number of glands. Transcriptional profiling revealed increased expression of stem cell molecules\n                    <jats:italic>Lif<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>EOMES,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lgr5<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and enhanced inflammation pathways following\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion. Analysis of the response of the uterus to steroid hormone stimulation showed that CTCF deletion affects a subset of progesterone\u2010responsive genes. This finding indicates (1) Progesterone\u2010mediated signaling remains functional following\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion and (2) certain progesterone\u2010regulated genes are sensitive to\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion, suggesting they depend on gene\u2010enhancer interactions that require CTCF. The progesterone\u2010responsive genes altered by CTCF ablation included\n                    <jats:italic>Ihh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fst,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Errfi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . CTCF\u2010dependent progesterone\u2010responsive uterine genes enhance critical processes including anti\u2010tumorigenesis, which is relevant to the known effectiveness of progesterone in inhibiting progression of early\u2010stage endometrial tumors. Overall, our findings reveal that uterine\n                    <jats:italic>Ctcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    plays a key role in progesterone\u2010dependent expression of uterine genes underlying optimal post\u2010pubertal uterine development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300862r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T08:15:29Z","timestamp":1690272929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chromatin architectural factor\n                    <scp>CTCF<\/scp>\n                    is essential for progesterone\u2010dependent uterine maturation"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia C.","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pregnancy &amp; Female Reproduction, DIR RDBL, NIEHS  Research Triangle Park 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