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In this paper, we summarize the important background, diagnostic, and treatment considerations for this patient population as presented during the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Virtual Catalytic Conference on the Cardiac Interatrial Septum and Stroke Risk, held on December 7, 2022. During this conference, many aspects of the cardiac interatrial septum were discussed. Among these were the embryogenesis of the interatrial septum and development of anatomic variants such as patent foramen ovale and left atrial septal pouch. Also addressed were various mechanisms of injury such as shunting physiologies and the consequences that can result from anatomic variants, as well as imaging considerations in echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options including anticoagulation and closure were addressed, as well as an in\u2010depth discussion on whether the left atrial septal pouch is a stroke risk factor. These issues were discussed and debated by multiple experts from neurology, cardiology, and radiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1692698032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The 2022 FASEB Virtual Catalyst Conference on the Cardiac Interatrial Septum and Stroke Risk, December 7, 2022"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5607-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Schilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4669-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannette P.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0660-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil V.","family":"Mankad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayil S.","family":"Krishnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0472-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MingMing","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio\u2010Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3211-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranav M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchi","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco\u00a0R.","family":"Di\u00a0Tullio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinman","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Korea University Ansan Hospital  Ansan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0072-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology, and Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tria.2022.100190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Stroke facts.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/stroke\/facts.htm#:~:text=About%2087%25%20of%20all%20strokes to%20the%20brain%20is%20. 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