{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:24:29Z","timestamp":1792027469658,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019971","name":"Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021SYF30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SYF30"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Facial nerve regeneration still lacks a well\u2010defined and practical clinical intervention. The survival of central facial motoneuron is a critical component in the successful peripheral facial nerve regeneration. Endogenous GDNF is vital for facial nerve regeneration according to earlier investigations. Nevertheless, the low endogenous GDNF level makes it challenging to achieve therapeutic benefits. Thus, we crushed the main trunk of facial nerve in SD rats to provide a model of peripheral facial paralysis, and we administered exogenous GDNF and Rapa treatments. We observed changes in the animal behavior scores, the morphology of facial nerve and buccinator muscle, the electrophysiological of facial nerve, and the expression of GDNF, GAP\u201043, and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway\u2010related molecules in the facial motoneurons. We discovered that GDNF could boost axon regeneration, hasten the recovery of facial paralysis symptoms and nerve conduction function, and increase the expression of GDNF, GAP\u201043, and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway\u2010related molecules in the central facial motoneurons. Therefore, exogenous GDNF injection into the buccinator muscle can enhance facial nerve regeneration following crushing injury and protect facial neurons via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. This will offer a fresh perspective and theoretical foundation for the management of clinical facial nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301664r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T06:20:57Z","timestamp":1701325257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Exogenous\n                    <scp>GDNF<\/scp>\n                    promotes peripheral facial nerve regeneration in rats through the\n                    <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>AKT<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5274-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology the People's Hospital of Rongchang District  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1327-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2723-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Luzhou People's Hospital  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3635-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunling","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8133-202X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9531-7400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leiji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery the 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