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Plaque rupture or erosion can cause thrombus formation resulting in inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle and MI. Inflammation, particularly driven by macrophages, plays a central role in both atherosclerosis and MI. Recent integrative approaches of single\u2010cell analysis\u2010based classifications in both murine and human atherosclerosis as well as experimental MI showed overlap in origin, diversity, and function of macrophages in the aorta and the heart. We here discuss differences and communalities between macrophages in the heart and aorta at steady state and in atherosclerosis or upon MI. We focus on markers, mediators, and functional states of macrophage subpopulations. Recent trials testing anti\u2010inflammatory agents show a major benefit in reducing the inflammatory burden of CVD patients, but highlight a necessity for a broader understanding of immune cell ontogeny and heterogeneity in CVD. The novel insights into macrophage biology in CVD represent exciting opportunities for the development of novel treatment strategies against CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202302001r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T05:33:24Z","timestamp":1706247204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Macrophage mediators and mechanisms in cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Patrik","family":"Schelemei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of 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