{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:46:50Z","timestamp":1791809210859,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0039385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0039385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0038709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0038709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The nutritional contents of breastmilk (BM) directly participate in neonatal metabolism via breastfeeding. Currently, there is limited research on BM metabolites and proteins compositions, and their alterations during the long lactation period in Hong Kong mothers. In this study, liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry\u2010based metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics studies were applied to compare the compositions in BM of Hong Kong lactating mothers at the 2nd, 6th, and 12th months after delivery. Distinct metabolomics and lipidomics signatures in 6th month versus 2nd month and 12th month versus 2nd month were observed, and a total of 19 differential metabolites and 105 lipids were identified. Metabolomics study showed the significant alterations in key pathways involved in biotin metabolism, amino acid, and fatty acid\u2010associated metabolisms. Lipidomics analysis indicated the accumulation of triglyceride and ceramide during the lactation period. The remodeling of glycerophospholipids was also observed during 12\u2010month period. Moreover, 28 differentially expressed proteins were identified and mainly associated with GO functions and KEGG pathways of ribosome and complement and coagulation cascades, which were validated by network analysis. Our research contributes to the understanding of the BM compositions and differences during the long lactation period in postpartum women of Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202401771r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T06:45:54Z","timestamp":1733813154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi\u2010omics analysis reveals alterations of breastmilk metabolites and proteins in Hong Kong lactating mothers"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2578-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oi\u2010Yee","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4881-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing\u2010Wa","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim\u2010Fat","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man\u2010Sau","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6808-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly S. Y.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR)  Sha Tin Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiachi","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hung Hom Hong 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