{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:58:10Z","timestamp":1793843890473,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZC20232299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20232299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe neurological condition associated with high rates of mortality or long\u2010term disability. Despite its clinical significance, the detailed cellular mechanisms underlying HIE remain unclear. Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating cellular heterogeneity across development, aging, and disease processes. However, no scRNA\u2010seq studies have yet addressed neonatal HIE. In this study, we employed scRNA\u2010seq to examine cellular heterogeneity during neonatal HIE. We analyzed a total of 87\u2009580 high\u2010quality brain cells to identify transcriptional changes associated with HIE. In the hyperacute phase, we observed astrocytes in response to tumor necrosis factors, involvement of microglia in phagocytosis,\n                    <jats:italic>Stat3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mediated ischemic responses in oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and an increase in senescent lymphatic endothelial cells. In the acute phase, astrocytes were activated and involved in gliogenesis, while microglia proliferated. Neuroblasts were affected by metal ions, and oligodendrocytes decreased. In the subacute phase, astrocytes involved in inflammation and antigen presentation, while inflammatory microglia highly expressing MHC II were induced by the IL27 and type I interferon pathways and expanded. Additionally, peripheral immune cells played vital roles in HIE. Specifically, neutrophils infiltrated and expanded throughout all phases post\u2010HIE.\n                    <jats:italic>Spp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages, T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells increased during the acute and subacute phases, and B cells expanded during the subacute phase. This study offers deep insights into the molecular alterations of key cell types following HIE, elucidating the pathological processes involved. These findings have significant implications for developing effective clinical strategies for managing HIE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202402891rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T09:38:37Z","timestamp":1755077917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of Brain Cells in Newborn Rats Following Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Xianbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital  Wenling Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital  Wenling Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0433-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04398-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in Term and Preterm Infants","volume":"43","author":"Ristovska S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-23-253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpede.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01799-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02295-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.16058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0832-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04864-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07493-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06222-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211026770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03892-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03022-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","article-title":"In Vitro Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris by Bone Marrow\u2010Derived Macrophages","volume":"130","author":"Rolfe A. 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