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The disorder involves various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101) is one of the immune checkpoints and plays a crucial role in regulating immune cell activation and cell death. PD\u2010L1, the ligand of PD\u20101, is critical for immune suppression through the transmission of inhibitory signals. These molecules are implicated in the pathogenesis of MG, prompting further investigation into the expression and functional roles of PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 in this disease. To investigate the role of PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 in MG pathogenesis, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MG patients and analyzed PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 expression in various immune cells using flow cytometry (FACs). Our findings revealed that PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 expression was elevated in PBMCs from MG patients compared to healthy controls. We conducted a correlation analysis to examine the relationship between PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 expression and MG, based on measurements of anti\u2010AChR\u2010IgG levels, MG\u2010specific cytokines, and routine blood tests. Our results showed that PD\u20101 expression in CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and PD\u2010L1 expression in DCs were positively correlated with anti\u2010AChR\u2010IgG levels in MG serum. Additionally, PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 expression was correlated with parts of associated cytokines. Furthermore, PD\u20101 expression in B cells was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood. Moreover, exogenous recombinant human PD\u2010L1 protein (rhPDL1) was found to suppress the expression of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20104. Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic role of PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 agonists in the treatment of MG.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202500887r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1754061283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Modulatory Effects of\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u20101\/\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>L1<\/scp>\n                    in Myasthenia Gravis: Insights From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jianing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University  Ningbo 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