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MI, caused by obstructed blood flow, results in cardiac muscle damage, scar tissue formation, and ultimately, heart failure. While heart transplantation is the definitive treatment, its application is limited by donor shortages and the risk of immune rejection. This underscores the urgent need for regenerative strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating myocardial healing post\u2010ischemia, with specific miRNAs such as miR\u201092a, miR\u2010126, and miR\u2010145 shown to promote angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic application of miRNAs is hindered by delivery challenges at both extracellular and intracellular levels. This review explores the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) and engineered bioscaffolds to address these obstacles. We first examine the role of miRNAs in post\u2010MI cardiovascular remodeling, followed by an overview of current challenges in miRNA\u2010based therapy delivery. We then discuss the use of NPs and electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in this context. Finally, we review existing cardiac bioscaffolds, their limitations, and future directions for developing optimized nanofibrous scaffolds for effective cardiac regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202501226rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:09:14Z","timestamp":1753286954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Engineering Nanoparticles and Bioscaffolds for Targeted\n                    <scp>microRNA<\/scp>\n                    Delivery in Cardiovascular Regeneration\u2014A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jekhan Andimadam Madana","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin North New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5419-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Katare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2019.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X14666180222102312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90180-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Complexity of Diabetic Nephropathy Pathogenesis and Design of Investigations","volume":"2","author":"Tavafi M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Renal Injury Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00925-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7200.1730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09851-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Processing, Maturation, Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions","volume":"3","author":"Shukla G. 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