{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:40:49Z","timestamp":1787668849036,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Periodontitis and obesity are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with osteoporosis. Controlling inflammation is crucial for managing periodontitis in individuals with obesity. Metformin has shown potent anti\u2010inflammatory effects under inflammatory conditions. However, the effects of adjunctive systemic administration of metformin alongside non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on periodontal and systemic bone health in obesity remain unknown. In this study, a high\u2010fat diet (HFD)\u2010induced obese murine model was created with periodontitis through ligation. Periodontal treatment consisted of standard mechanical debridement via NSPT, with or without metformin treatment through oral gavage. Outcomes were evaluated based on changes in periodontal status, systemic bone resorption and inflammation, as well as the gut microbiota community and metabolism. Our results indicated that periodontitis significantly increased osteoclastic activity and resulted in alveolar and femoral bone loss in HFD\u2010fed mice. Compared to NSPT alone, NSPT and metformin significantly improved periodontitis, reduced systemic inflammation, and alleviated femoral bone absorption in HFD\u2010fed mice. Mechanistically, periodontitis promoted gut microbiota dysbiosis and disrupted microbial linoleic acid metabolism. NSPT and metformin normalized the gut microbiota, enhanced the growth of species with anti\u2010inflammatory properties, including\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and restored the balance of linoleic acid metabolism in the gut and serum. This research presents novel evidence that metformin may serve as a promising adjunct to enhance the response of obese subjects to NSPT by regulating the gut microbiota and linoleic acid metabolism, indicating that the gut microbiota could be a potential therapeutic target for multidisciplinary intervention in periodontitis and obesity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202501689r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T15:10:00Z","timestamp":1752073800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Non\u2010Surgical Periodontal Therapy and Metformin Improve Bone Loss in Obese Mice With Periodontitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rixin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology 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