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PDLCs were cultured under healthy or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lipopolysaccharide (\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    .LPS)\u2010induced inflammatory conditions and subjected to OFS. Cell proliferation was assessed via CCK\u20108 and EdU staining, while migration was evaluated using wound healing assays. Inflammatory mediator expression (IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, CCL2, GM\u2010CSF) was measured by RT\u2010qPCR and ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using DCFH\u2010DA probes. THP\u20101 cell adhesion assays and macrophage polarization experiments were conducted to evaluate immune cell interactions. OFS significantly suppressed PDLC proliferation in both healthy and inflammatory conditions. Combined OFS and\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    .LPS treatment further inhibited cell migration and synergistically upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and ROS levels. Additionally, OFS and\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    .LPS synergistically enhanced monocyte adhesion and promoted macrophage polarization toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype. OFS exacerbates inflammatory responses in PDLCs under\n                    <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    .LPS stimulation, promoting monocyte adhesion and M1 macrophage polarization. These findings highlight the critical role of oscillatory fluid shear in periodontitis progression and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for periodontitis management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202501806rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T16:41:06Z","timestamp":1766594466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Synergistic Effect of Oscillatory Fluid Shear and\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n                    Lipopolysaccharide Promotes the Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Cells"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology The Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital of Shenzhen 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