{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:55:45Z","timestamp":1790636145045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The brachial artery (BA) variations are important anatomical variants with significant implications for anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of BA variations, including their types, sex distribution, laterality, side predominance, and global patterns. A systematic search was conducted across three online databases (PubMed, Hinari, and Google Scholar) as well as key anatomical journals, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the Evidence\u2010Based Anatomy Workgroup recommendations. Meta\u2010analysis was performed using MetaXL software to calculate pooled prevalence rates and distribution characteristics of BA variations by employing a random\u2010effects model. A total of 57 study reports met the inclusion criteria. Typical BA anatomy was observed in approximately 90% of individuals, while BA variations were present in about 10%. Variations showed significant right\u2010side (65%) and unilateral (71%) dominance, with males accounting for 58%. The most common variant was the brachioradial artery, present in 6% of limbs and comprising 66% of all BA variations, followed by the superficial brachial artery (6% of limbs, 29% of variations) and the accessory brachial artery, seen in 4% of limbs and accounting for 32% of variations. The brachioulnar artery, a high\u2010origin ulnar artery, was less common (2% of limbs, 12% of variations). BA variations were evenly distributed across all continents. The meta\u2010analysis revealed high heterogeneity across studies and minor asymmetry in publication bias assessment. BA variations occur in one\u2010tenth of the population, with consistent global distribution and distinct laterality patterns. Awareness of these variants is critical for accurate anatomical knowledge and for reducing complications in clinical and surgical procedures involving the upper limb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202502920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T07:22:05Z","timestamp":1764228125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anatomical Variations of the Brachial Artery: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seid Mohammed","family":"Abdu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science Wollo University  Dessie Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endris Seid","family":"Muhaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science Wollo University  Dessie Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim Msaye","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science Wollo University  Dessie Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"AC17","article-title":"Anatomical Variations of Brachial Artery\u2014Its Morphology, Embryogenesis and Clinical Implications","volume":"8","author":"Chakravarthi K. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","author":"Moore K. L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19950547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2008.23.5.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1520929"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"The Radial Artery and Its Variations: Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications","volume":"71","author":"Nasr A. Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Folia Morphologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520969043"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Frequency of Radial Artery Anatomic Variations in Patients Undergoing Transradial Heart Catheterization","volume":"54","author":"Ostoji\u0107 Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Clinica Croatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-023-03198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22799"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136477"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"An Anatomical Study and Ontogenetic Explanation of 23 Cases With Variations in the Main Pattern of the Human Brachio\u2010Antebrachial Arteries","volume":"187","author":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Baeza A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10030246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"R.Quain \u201cThe Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body and Its Applications to Pathology and Operative Surgery With a Series of Lithographic Drawings\u2026 The Drawings From Nature and on Stone by J. Maclise \u201d1844."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518202300206"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"502","article-title":"Upper Limb Principal Arteries Variations: A Cadaveric Study With Terminological Implication","volume":"20","author":"Konarik M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2011.2615"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267021","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge Zur Morphologie Des Gef\u00e4sssystems: I. Die Armarterien Des Menschen","volume":"22","author":"M\u00fcller E.","year":"1903","journal-title":"Anatomische Hefte"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Uber Einige Gesetzm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten Bei Der Variabilit\u00e4t Der Arterien Der Oberen Extremit\u00e4t","volume":"111","author":"Wankoff W.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Uber Die Variabilitat Der Ab\u2010Und Verzweigung Der A. Brachialis Superficialis","volume":"106","author":"Skopakoff C.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Origin of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries: Variations in 81 Arteriograms","author":"Celik H. H. G. G.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2019.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"A Study of Variations in Brachial Artery and Its Branching Pattern","author":"Shivanal U.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"6167","article-title":"Assessment of Brachial Artery Dimensions and Variations: A Comprehensive Study","volume":"10","author":"Gawali R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"An Anatomical Study of Variations in Termination of Brachial Artery, With Its Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance","volume":"5","author":"Deepa T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022011000400059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","unstructured":"G.Nisa M. S.Itoo andM.Nazir \u201cVariations in Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery in Upper Limb\u2010A Cadaveric Study and Medical Emergency \u201d2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.210008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.22.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2020.233"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"2805","article-title":"A Cadaveric Study on Variations of Brachial Artery","volume":"15","author":"Ladia A. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"A Study on Division of Brachial Artery and Its Clinical Correlations","volume":"2","author":"Gujar S. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Anatomy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Variation in Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery","volume":"5","author":"Kaur A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Study"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Brachial Artery With Tortuosity, Branching Pattern and Clinical Implications","volume":"16","author":"Shubha N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-1345106109"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"4","author":"Choudhary P. S. C. M. N. U.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Evaluation of Variations in the Anatomy of Brachial Artery and Its Branching Patterns: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"17","author":"Kumari A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cadaveric Study on Variations in Brachial Artery\u2014An Anatomical Perspective","volume":"5","author":"Jayasree C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives in Medical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","article-title":"An Anatomical Analysis of Variations in the Brachial Artery Branching Pattern","volume":"7","author":"Kishanrao K. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","first-page":"932","article-title":"A Cadaveric Study of Variations in the Brachial Artery and Its Branching Pattern With Its Clinical Significance","volume":"6","author":"Shwetha B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","first-page":"2920","article-title":"Variation in the Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery: A Morphological and Statistical Study","volume":"4","author":"Vatsala A. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal: International Journal of Biological & Medical Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","article-title":"Variations in Branching Pattern of Brachial Artery \u2013 A Study in Cadavers","volume":"8","author":"Ojha P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2022.145"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"The Incidence of a Superficial Arterial Pattern in the Human Upper Extremities","volume":"63","author":"D'Costa S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Morphologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","first-page":"908","article-title":"Anatomical Variation of Brachial Artery Bifurcation","volume":"34","author":"Al\u2010Sowayigh M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36253\/ijae-11980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","article-title":"The Variation Patterns of the Brachial Arterial Trunk in Chinese and a Discussion of Its Chinese Term","author":"Deng D.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Acta Anatomica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-012-0160-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jucms.v10i02.51287"},{"issue":"240","key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"59","author":"Khatun S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Brachial and Antebrachial Arterial Patterns; a Study of 750 Extremities","volume":"96","author":"McCormack L. J.","year":"1953","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02577379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202301172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/aja.v13i1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Surgical Significance of Brachial Arterial Variants in a Kenyan Population","volume":"9","author":"Pulei A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of African Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"The Unusual High Origin Radial Artery in a Black Kenyan Population: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"32","author":"Bundi B. N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001080303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.10.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.06.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-14-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24959"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1760-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2000656X.2017.1360317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02183-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1301071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01327-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12593-011-0053-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Complex Neurovascular Variation in One Upper Limb","volume":"112","author":"Bataineh Z. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology = Archivio Italiano di Anatomia Ed Embriologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","first-page":"2239","article-title":"Anatomical Variations in Upper Arm Vasculature Pertinent to Haemodialysis Access Creation: Are Surgeons Aware Sufficiently?","volume":"70","author":"Rehman Z. U.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-726X(200004)49:4<357::AID-CCD1>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Randomized Prospective Study of Three Different Techniques for Ultrasound\u2010Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block","volume":"68","author":"Ferraro L. H. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.20.265.3915"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202502920","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fj.202502920","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202502920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:23:08Z","timestamp":1772986988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fj.202502920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fj.202502920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202502920","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71268"}}