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However, the distinct impacts of particle size on the maternal\u2010fetal lung axis remain poorly understood. This study investigated the maternal\u2010to\u2010fetal lung toxicological effects and metabolic shifts following exposure to 30\u2009nm (CBNP30) and 120\u2009nm (CBNP120) particles using a high\u2010dose mechanistic exposure model. In maternal lungs, histological analysis (H&amp;E and Masson staining) revealed severe inflammatory infiltration and significant fibrotic injury for both sizes, with CBNP120 inducing more pronounced damage. Dark\u2010field hyperspectral imaging confirmed the transplacental transfer and presence of both CBNP sizes within fetal lung tissues. Notably, fetal lungs did not display overt histological injury. However, significant elevations in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (mRNA and protein) were observed, indicating clear molecular perturbation. Chemical Isotope Labeling LC\u2013MS further identified size\u2010specific metabolic disruption, with CBNP120 eliciting more extensive changes in the fetal metabolome. Specifically, CBNP30 primarily affected histidine metabolism in both maternal and fetal lungs, whereas CBNP120 disrupted butanoate and arachidonic acid pathways. These metabolic shifts, supported by altered enzyme expression, suggest that profound biochemical disturbances may occur in the fetus even in the absence of observable morphological damage. This study clarifies the distinction between maternal structural injury and fetal molecular dysfunction, providing critical insights for interventions against air pollution\u2010related neonatal health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202600065rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:23Z","timestamp":1786978043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse Effects of Carbon Black Nanoparticles on Maternal and Fetal Lungs in Pregnant Mice: Insights From a Metabolomics Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory &amp; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health Xiamen University  Xiamen People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biling","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory &amp; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health Xiamen University  Xiamen People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory &amp; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health Xiamen University  Xiamen People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Meliomics Technology Co., Ltd.  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