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The escalating global prevalence of these conditions represents a substantial public health challenge, stimulating intensive research into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Interleukin\u201018 (IL\u201018), a pleiotropic cytokine operating at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity, has emerged as a key modulator in this context. While classically associated with augmenting interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) production by Th1 cells, IL\u201018 paradoxically promotes the maturation and functional potentiation of mast cells and basophils, particularly in synergy with IL\u20102, thereby contributing mechanistically to the immunopathology of allergic inflammation. The bioactivity of IL\u201018 is contingent upon proteolytic processing, and the precise molecular pathways through which it orchestrates allergic responses remain under active investigation. This review comprehensively synthesizes the current understanding of IL\u201018 biology, detailing its cellular origins, activation mechanisms, and intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the multifaceted impact of IL\u201018 on key immune cell subsets involved in allergic hypersensitivity and discuss the rationale and potential for therapeutic interventions targeting the IL\u201018 axis in the management of allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202600205r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:19:47Z","timestamp":1779887987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interleukin\u201018 in Allergic Diseases\u2014Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targeting"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate and Scientific Research Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus  Zhuhai Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate and Scientific Research Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus  Zhuhai Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate and Scientific Research Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus  Zhuhai Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian\u2010Hai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate and Scientific Research Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus  Zhuhai Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1348272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01344-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","article-title":"The Atopic March: Progression From Atopic Dermatitis to Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma","volume":"5","author":"Bantz S. 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