{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1781082018880,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82560633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82560633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AB24010127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AB24010127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AD25069077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD25069077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFAA069125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GXNSFBA026251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXNSFBA026251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane glycoprotein, plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by regulating cell proliferation and migration. However, its subcellular localization and organelle\u2010specific functional mechanisms remain inadequately defined, mainly due to the limitations of ultrastructural resolution and quantitative analytical techniques. In this study, an optimized immunoelectron microscopy protocol (IEM\u2010VASN) was developed, combining 4% paraformaldehyde\u20100.5% glutaraldehyde fixation and a 1:200 anti\u2010VASN antibody dilution, achieving an optimal balance between structural preservation and antigenicity. This method enabled the precise detection of VASN depletion in Huh7\u2010KD cells (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and\n                    <jats:italic>Vasn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). IEM\u2010VASN revealed VASN's organelle\u2010specific distribution, showing significant enrichment in mitochondria in both HCC cells and liver tissues (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Furthermore, murine HCC tissues displayed elevated VASN levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) alongside reduced mitochondrial counts (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In a chronic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure model, VASN upregulation correlated with ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, and mitophagy induction. The IEM\u2010VASN method demonstrated high precision and applicability across cellular, animal, and pathological models, providing a powerful tool for elucidating the functional roles of VASN in HCC. These findings establish a highly sensitive and specific IEM technique for characterizing VASN's ultrastructural distribution, highlighting its predominant mitochondrial localization and functional involvement in HCC progression and chemically\u2010induced mitophagy, thus positioning VASN as a critical molecular mediator in liver cancer and mitochondrial homeostasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202600809r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:50:55Z","timestamp":1778597455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of Immunoelectron Microscopy for\n                    <scp>VASN<\/scp>\n                    Detection Using Multiple Models and Identification of\n                    <scp>VASN<\/scp>\n                    as a Key Regulator of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in\u00a0Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Electron Microscopy Laboratory of Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouxiang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meizhen","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High\u2010Incidence\u2010Tumor Prevention &amp; Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education  Nanning China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010022\u201001649\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2023.2273282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.565"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"3589","article-title":"VASN Promotes YAP\/TAZ and EMT Pathway in Thyroid Carcinogenesis In\u00a0Vitro","volume":"11","author":"Bhandari A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202006_21644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.11943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201040930\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13423\/j.cnki.cjcmi.009166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009\u20100002.2016.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.22692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.794101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020\u2010022\u201000671\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abk0331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2020.7890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16190\/j.cnki.45\u20101211\/r.2023.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2021.763427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671\u2010025\u201004346\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.11.6.1008\u20101015.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2010.956243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Electron Microscopy in Life Sciences","author":"Ding M. X.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556\u2010018\u20100124\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"\u201cGeneCards: VASN Gene\u2010Vasorin \u201dhttps:\/\/www.genecards.org\/cgi\u2010bin\/carddisp.pl?gene=VASN."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gep.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1725377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010023\u201001503\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078\u20100432.ccr\u201013\u20102438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107945"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202600809R","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fj.202600809R","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202600809R","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:19:47Z","timestamp":1781079587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fj.202600809R"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fj.202600809R"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202600809r","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71886"}}