{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:47:15Z","timestamp":1791809235733,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by chronic kidney injury resulting from chronic cardiac dysfunction. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, highlighting the urgent need for disease models that better mimic human pathology and accurately simulate the progression of cardiac\u2010induced renal injury. Existing models possess significant limitations and often fail to adequately replicate the onset and progression observed in clinical Type 2 CRS patients. We therefore hypothesized that a double\u2010hit approach combining left anterior descending (LAD) ligation (to induce acute myocardial infarction) with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (to increase afterload) would produce a model that highly simulates the development and progression of clinical Type 2 CRS, characterized by heart failure and subsequent renal injury. A double\u2010hit strategy combining LAD ligation and TAC was performed in mice to induce heart failure followed by secondary renal injury. At four post\u2010operative time points (2\u2009weeks, 4\u2009weeks, 6\u2009weeks, and 8\u2009weeks), we assessed cardiac function, renal function, inflammatory damage, energy metabolism dysfunction, and renal\/cardiac fibrosis. Proteomic analysis was additionally performed to characterize molecular changes and identify the optimal model configuration. At week\u20092, mice developed early\u2010stage heart failure accompanied by mild kidney inflammation and abnormal energy metabolism. By week\u20094, these abnormalities progressed to marked inflammation, fibrosis, chronic heart failure, and overt kidney damage. The impairments in energy metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis peaked at Weeks\u20096 and\u20098, leading to severe dysfunction of both the heart and kidneys. This double\u2010hit model stably recapitulates the natural progression from chronic cardiac dysfunction to chronic kidney injury observed in Type\u20092 CRS. It therefore serves as a powerful and innovative research platform for in\u2010depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying Type\u20092 CRS, screening of potential therapeutic targets, and evaluation of novel interventional strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202601933r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1790924790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of an Animal Model of Type 2 Cardiorenal Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Station The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Station The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nephrology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"TCM Institute of Kidney Disease Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.11.1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1225823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60685-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v8.i9.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.614656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","article-title":"Modified Technique for Coronary Artery Ligation in Mice","volume":"73","author":"Shao Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice","volume":"121","author":"Zaw A. 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