{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:47:15Z","timestamp":1791809235655,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Secondary lymphedema remains a common complication after oncologic lymph node dissection. The optimal timing of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) is unclear due to a lack of time\u2010dependent large\u2010animal models. Twenty\u2010five New Zealand White rabbits underwent popliteal\u2010region surgery to induce secondary hind limb lymphedema. Animals received immediate LVA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) or delayed LVA at 4, 8, or 12\u2009weeks after model induction (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 per group); untreated lymphedema controls were included (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095). Outcomes included limb circumference\/swelling rate, anastomotic patency by indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging, and histopathology\/molecular markers (e.g., VEGF\u2010C, LYVE\u20101). The model produced sustained hind limb swelling and molecular evidence of lymphangiogenic remodeling (e.g., increased VEGF\u2010C and LYVE\u20101). Immediate LVA achieved 100% technical success with durable patency during follow\u2010up. Delayed LVA groups demonstrated patency rates of approximately 75%\u201380%. Immediate intervention resulted in the greatest long\u2010term reduction in swelling compared with delayed interventions. Mean lymphatic and venous diameters were approximately 0.6 and 0.8\u2009mm, respectively, and mean operative time was ~55\u2009min. This rabbit model provides a reproducible platform to evaluate time\u2010dependent LVA efficacy. Earlier intervention yielded superior functional outcomes, while delayed LVA remained feasible and maintained reasonable patency, supporting a clinically relevant therapeutic window.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202602801rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:14:16Z","timestamp":1791191656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time\u2010Dependent Efficacy of Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in Secondary Lymphedema: A Rabbit Model Study"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3262-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University  Lanzhou P.R. China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou P.R. China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province  Lanzhou P.R. China"},{"name":"Medical Engineering Center for Liver Repair and Regeneration of Gansu Province  Lanzhou P.R. China"},{"name":"Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province  Lanzhou P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-012-0247-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"731","article-title":"Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis Bypass Surgery","volume":"115","author":"Chang D. W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Lymphatic Microsurgery for the Treatment of Lymphedema: 18\u2010Year Experience","volume":"20","author":"Campisi C. C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182268cd9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Predictive Risk Factors for Lymphatic Dysfunction After Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Breast Cancer","volume":"134","author":"Mihara M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"792","article-title":"Multi\u2010Site Lymphaticovenular Anastomoses Versus Single\u2010Site Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Using Indocyanine Green Lymphography","volume":"138","author":"Mihara M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Time Course of Functional Lymphatic Regeneration in Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis","volume":"36","author":"Yamamoto T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9700200408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30050341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"897","article-title":"Lymphatic Vessels in the Upper Extremity: Anatomy and Imaging Findings","volume":"38","author":"Yoshida S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Lymphedema: A Primer on the Identification and Management of a Chronic Condition in Oncologic Treatment","volume":"63","author":"Torrisi J. S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","article-title":"Popliteal Vascular Lymph Node Resection in the Rabbit Hindlimb for Secondary Lymphedema Induction","volume":"189","author":"Campos J. L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15080235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00727-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000257149.42922.7e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9800300209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182450b2d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in Rabbits: A Novel Live Experimental Model for Supermicrosurgical Training","volume":"77","author":"Campos J. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Lymphedema Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach: A New Technique for Primary Prevention of Arm Lymphedema After Mastectomy","volume":"16","author":"Boccardo F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1731257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181e5f6a9"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"Fibrotic Disease and the T(H)1\/T(H)2 Paradigm","volume":"11","author":"Wynn T. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04480"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Mucosal Immunity","volume":"15","author":"Griffith J. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Hypoxia and the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Le Q. T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073907"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002827"}],"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202602801RR","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1096\/fj.202602801RR","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1096\/fj.202602801RR","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:08:29Z","timestamp":1791806909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fj.202602801RR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fj.202602801RR"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202602801rr","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6638","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-6860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72327"}}