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The physiological circulating concentration of BMP\u20107 is between 100 and 300 pg\/ml. BMP\u20107 expression is absent in the liver, but the receptors for BMP\u20107 are present on adult hepatocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that BMP\u20107 might function as an endogenous regulator of adult hepatocyte proliferation and liver homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that neutralization of circulating endogenous BMP\u20107 results in significantly impaired regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy. Therapeutic administration of recombinant human BMP\u20107 (rhBMP\u20107) significantly enhances liver regeneration associated with accelerated improvement of liver function. Collectively, our results argue for the role of BMP\u20107 as a kidney\u2010and bone\u2010produced endogenous regulator of hepatocyte health. Sugimoto, H., Yang, C., Le Bleu, V. S., Soubasakos, M. A., Giraldo, M., Zeisberg, M., Kalluri, R. BMP\u20107 functions as a novel hormone to facilitate liver regeneration. 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