{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:11:02Z","timestamp":1777792262717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in brain injury after ischemic stroke. These oxidants can react and damage the cellular macromolecules by virtue of the reactivity that leads to cell injury and necrosis. Oxidants are also mediators in signaling involving mitochondria, DNA repair enzymes, and transcription factors that may lead to apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Transgenic or knockout mice with cell- or site-specific prooxidant and antioxidant enzymes provide useful tools in dissecting the events involving oxidative stress in signaling and damage in ischemic brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,18]],"date-time":"2003-11-18T09:17:32Z","timestamp":1069147052000},"page":"2-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1312,"title":["Reactive Oxygen Radicals in Signaling and Damage in the Ischemic Brain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pak H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, and Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01394-5"},{"key":"bibr2-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8"},{"key":"bibr3-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199801000-00009"},{"key":"bibr4-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7166"},{"key":"bibr5-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01324.1996"},{"key":"bibr6-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7162"},{"key":"bibr7-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37635"},{"key":"bibr8-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.1.37"},{"key":"bibr9-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1340707"},{"key":"bibr10-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.46.070177.004515"},{"key":"bibr11-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.2.682"},{"key":"bibr12-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0796-788"},{"key":"bibr13-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.19.11401"},{"key":"bibr14-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canty TGJr, Boyle EMJr, Farr A, Morgan EN, Verrier ED, Pohlman TH (1999) Oxidative stress induces NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation without degradation of I\u03baB\u03b1. Circulation 100 (Suppl II):II-361\u2013II-364","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.suppl_2.II-361"},{"key":"bibr15-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210604"},{"key":"bibr16-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199312000-00028"},{"key":"bibr17-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63260-4"},{"key":"bibr18-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1994.tb00811.x"},{"key":"bibr19-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21794.x"},{"key":"bibr20-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.6.1124"},{"key":"bibr21-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08292.1998"},{"key":"bibr22-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00799-5"},{"key":"bibr23-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-13-04914.1998"},{"key":"bibr24-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.67"},{"key":"bibr25-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320302"},{"key":"bibr26-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-06-02651.1993"},{"key":"bibr27-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)11226-9"},{"key":"bibr28-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199602000-00003"},{"key":"bibr29-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-10-06377.1995"},{"key":"bibr30-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199812210-00005"},{"key":"bibr31-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05910.1999"},{"key":"bibr32-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67031259.x"},{"key":"bibr33-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199711000-00002"},{"key":"bibr34-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8880"},{"key":"bibr35-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.22.8044"},{"key":"bibr36-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240512"},{"key":"bibr37-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199904000-00001"},{"key":"bibr38-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199811000-00010"},{"key":"bibr39-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199905000-00003"},{"key":"bibr40-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03414.1999"},{"key":"bibr41-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.11.2408"},{"key":"bibr42-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02817.2000"},{"key":"bibr43-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440311"},{"key":"bibr44-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199909000-00010"},{"key":"bibr45-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02040.1998"},{"key":"bibr46-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7380"},{"key":"bibr47-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1309"},{"key":"bibr48-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90057-9"},{"key":"bibr49-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199607000-00010"},{"key":"bibr50-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)81689-7"},{"key":"bibr51-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020709814456"},{"key":"bibr52-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"H252","volume":"265","author":"He YY","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr53-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348334a0"},{"key":"bibr54-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1999001100005"},{"key":"bibr55-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"299","volume":"25","author":"Huang C-Y","year":"1999","journal-title":"Society for Neuroscience Abstract"},{"key":"bibr56-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7522345"},{"key":"bibr57-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199609000-00023"},{"key":"bibr58-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.8.1373"},{"key":"bibr59-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10074-6"},{"key":"bibr60-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-23-09157.1997"},{"key":"bibr61-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.9.1312"},{"key":"bibr62-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90818-4"},{"key":"bibr63-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.59"},{"key":"bibr64-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199611000-00009"},{"key":"bibr65-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235659"},{"key":"bibr66-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.2.441"},{"key":"bibr67-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.9.1962"},{"key":"bibr68-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-02-00687.1998"},{"key":"bibr69-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11158"},{"key":"bibr70-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2616"},{"key":"bibr71-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-06-02153.1988"},{"key":"bibr72-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00949-3"},{"key":"bibr73-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04180.1997"},{"key":"bibr74-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"62","volume":"70","author":"Kondo T","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wein)"},{"key":"bibr75-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.57.4.508"},{"key":"bibr76-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70268-X"},{"key":"bibr77-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/364535a0"},{"key":"bibr78-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.8.1381"},{"key":"bibr79-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.48"},{"key":"bibr80-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.24.7634"},{"key":"bibr81-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90266-6"},{"key":"bibr82-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00231-6"},{"key":"bibr83-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200001000-00017"},{"key":"bibr84-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.9.1797"},{"key":"bibr85-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00205.1998"},{"key":"bibr86-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199903000-00001"},{"key":"bibr87-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199911000-00005"},{"key":"bibr88-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03659.1998"},{"key":"bibr89-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10966"},{"key":"bibr90-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"243","volume":"26","author":"Noshita N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"bibr91-00004647-200101000-00002","volume-title":"Superoxide Dismutases","volume":"1","author":"Oberley LW","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr92-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.13.5144"},{"key":"bibr93-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00563-3"},{"key":"bibr94-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1999.721187.x"},{"key":"bibr95-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80052-5"},{"key":"bibr96-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199901000-00004"},{"key":"bibr97-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81004-1"},{"key":"bibr98-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"443","volume":"8","author":"Robertson KA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"bibr99-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.25.17941"},{"key":"bibr100-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(97)00672-2"},{"key":"bibr101-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200007000-00001"},{"key":"bibr102-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00208-5"},{"key":"bibr103-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00316-X"},{"key":"bibr104-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7363"},{"key":"bibr105-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20959"},{"key":"bibr106-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09564.1998"},{"key":"bibr107-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"165","volume":"1","author":"Siesj\u00f6 BK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev"},{"issue":"39","key":"bibr108-00004647-200101000-00002","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Sugawara T","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"bibr109-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4131"},{"key":"bibr110-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90646-5"},{"key":"bibr111-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91053-U"},{"key":"bibr112-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07287.x"},{"key":"bibr113-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80450-X"},{"key":"bibr114-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.11.2252"},{"key":"bibr115-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990701)57:1<1::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"bibr116-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(99)00051-4"},{"key":"bibr117-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00313-6"},{"key":"bibr118-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00392-4"},{"key":"bibr119-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05411.x"},{"key":"bibr120-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1744"},{"key":"bibr121-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.165"},{"key":"bibr122-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81733-X"},{"key":"bibr123-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089771500415445"},{"key":"bibr124-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-20-08856.1999"},{"key":"bibr125-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910370204"},{"key":"bibr126-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.2016"},{"key":"bibr127-00004647-200101000-00002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80501-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:06:39Z","timestamp":1777493199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-678X","1559-7016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-678X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}