{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:36:12Z","timestamp":1761154572373},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1929,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study compared the anesthetic gas exposure and operating conditions during insufflation anesthesia with halothane\u2010alone versus halothane\u2010propofol in children undergoing direct laryngobronchoscopy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design:<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010six children were enrolled in this randomized prospective study, with institutional review board approval and informed consent.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> All children were anesthetized by halothane mask induction and anesthesia was maintained using spontaneous ventilation with insufflation. No muscle relaxants or opioids were used. In the halothane group, halothane was titrated as needed. In the propofol group, halothane was decreased to 1% inspired concentration and the propofol was titrated as needed to maintain spontaneous ventilation and a still patient. Trace anesthetic gases, hemodynamic stability, and operating conditions were measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The groups were similar in age, weight, and bronchoscopy time. There was significantly less gas exposure in the propofol group (25 \u00b1 33 parts per million) versus the halothane group (66 \u00b1 97 ppm; P &lt; .02). There was a trend toward earlier emergence in the halothane group (33 \u00b1 13 minutes) versus the propofol group (41 \u00b1 17 minutes). Postoperative stridor was common, occurring in 30% of children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Insufflation anesthesia with spontaneous respiration provides excellent surgical conditions for laryngobronchoscopy. The addition of propofol resulted in fewer airway complications (P = .047). Although the addition of propofol significantly decreased anesthetic gas exposure in the operating room, both techniques resulted in operating room pollution that exceeded the maximum levels of 2 ppm per hour recommended by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]],"date-time":"2004-01-29T09:08:55Z","timestamp":1075367335000},"page":"212-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Propofol Decreases Waste Anesthetic Gas Exposure During Pediatric Bronchoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Zestos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debashish","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sankar","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Kemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Haupert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1995.01890120044008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(93)90074-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900020097015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200012000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1998.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1998.00732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","unstructured":"Waste Anesthetic Gases.Information for Management in Anesthetizing Areas and PACU. Task force on Trace Anesthetic Gas. ASA publication1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"682","article-title":"Exposure of operating room personnel to nitrous oxide during paediatric anaesthesia","volume":"39","author":"Wood C","year":"1992","journal-title":"CanJAnaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.35.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"A1246","article-title":"Occupational exposure to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide during pediatrie anesthesia and mask induction","volume":"93","author":"Byhahn C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200212000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199807000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-110.x"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2F00005537-200402000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T14:50:58Z","timestamp":1696690258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200402000-00007","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}}}