{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T03:34:52Z","timestamp":1792985692410,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200211000-00007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]],"date-time":"2003-04-24T08:15:03Z","timestamp":1051172103000},"page":"466-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["A Review of Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Percutaneously Inserted, Noncuffed Central Venous Catheters"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"NASIA","family":"SAFDAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DANIEL M.","family":"KLUGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DENNIS G.","family":"MAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)91126-0","volume":"12","author":"Adal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R2-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1159\/000168012","volume":"9","author":"Almirall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"R3-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1086\/infeconthospepid.21.2.86","volume":"21","author":"Alonso-Echanove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R4-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(86)90059-9","volume":"7","author":"Andersen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R5-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.2.199","volume":"18","author":"Andrivet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.5.808","volume":"154","author":"Armstrong","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2307\/30144265","volume":"11","author":"Armstrong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R9-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.6.778","volume":"16","author":"Arnow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719301700161","volume":"17","author":"Babycos","year":"1993","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R11-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(92)90057-E","volume":"6","author":"Bach","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R12-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.4065\/71.9.838","volume":"71","author":"Badley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R13-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90349-3","volume":"91","author":"Banerjee","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R14-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199703)28:3<196::AID-MPO8>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"28","author":"Barriga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"R15-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050306","volume":"18","author":"Bastos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-7-20160304","first-page":"1089","volume":"26","author":"Berthelot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"R17-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300105","volume":"13","author":"Blake","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"R18-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1014","volume":"48","author":"Blot","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R19-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1990.8.1.161","volume":"8","author":"Bock","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R20-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.2.151","volume":"158","author":"Bregenzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R21-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000183812","volume":"43","author":"Canaud","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"R22-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.9.2200","volume":"43","author":"Carratala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R23-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.4.579","volume":"154","author":"Cheesbrough","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-7-20160304","first-page":"641","volume":"62","author":"Ciresi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"R25-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607192016005403","volume":"16","author":"Clark-Christoff","year":"1992","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R26-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210083271505","volume":"327","author":"Cobb","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R27-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.2.310","volume":"159","author":"Conly","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R28-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199708000-00033","volume":"25","author":"Cook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R29-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.1.11","volume":"41","author":"Cookson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R30-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92667-7","volume":"335","author":"Cookson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R31-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(05)80068-8","volume":"24","author":"Cunha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"R32-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2307\/30105091","volume":"16","author":"Dahlberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R33-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257470","volume":"14","author":"Damen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R34-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198507000-00008","volume":"13","author":"Damen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R35-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400101","volume":"340","author":"Darouiche","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607183007006569","volume":"7","author":"Deitel","year":"1983","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R37-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200106000-00006","volume":"50","author":"DeJong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R38-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02291-1","volume":"355","author":"Eggimann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R39-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(89)90020-5","volume":"17","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"R40-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(94)90100-7","volume":"28","author":"Elliott","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R41-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90137-2","volume":"40","author":"Elliott","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R42-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90162-6","volume":"35","author":"Eltringham","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R43-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2307\/30146963","volume":"13","author":"Ena","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R44-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(95)90274-0","volume":"29","author":"Engervall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R45-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199010000-00005","volume":"18","author":"Eyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R46-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90233-2","volume":"93","author":"Farkas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R47-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1086\/323402","volume":"33","author":"Farr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R48-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420060094039","volume":"261","author":"Flowers","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R49-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198906000-00019","volume":"29","author":"Franceschi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R50-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2307\/30142373","volume":"17","author":"Fridkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R51-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.1431","volume":"107","author":"Garland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R52-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390050105021","volume":"149","author":"Gil","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R53-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.2307\/30141562","volume":"19","author":"Goetz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R54-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70299-3","volume":"10","author":"Greene","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"R55-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629258","volume":"237","author":"Gristina","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R56-7-20160304","first-page":"165","volume":"42","author":"Hanazaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R57-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.1030","volume":"109","author":"Hasaniya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R58-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.1.81","volume":"158","author":"Heard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R59-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520230029022","volume":"272","author":"Heiselman","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R60-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.6.1269","volume":"18","author":"Henrickson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R62-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90203-K","volume":"19","author":"Hill","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R63-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(90)90088-6","volume":"15","author":"Hill","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R64-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90102-7","volume":"84","author":"Hilton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R65-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480150078041","volume":"267","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R66-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950315)75:6<1367::AID-CNCR2820750620>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"75","author":"Howell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R67-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1086\/318145","volume":"31","author":"Humar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R68-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450220094030","volume":"264","author":"Iberti","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R69-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607192016006581","volume":"16","author":"Inoue","year":"1992","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R70-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90352-X","volume":"91","author":"Jarvis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R71-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460180070035","volume":"265","author":"Kamal","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R72-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199503000-00006","volume":"38","author":"Kealey","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R72A-7-20160304","first-page":"96","volume":"21","author":"Kluger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R73-7-20160304","first-page":"209","volume":"49","author":"Lacey","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"R74-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-9-737","volume":"116","author":"Lederle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R75-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198810000-00012","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R76-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.297","volume":"40","author":"Levin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R77-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00216-5","volume":"13","author":"Linares","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R78-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.3.357-360.1985","volume":"21","author":"Linares","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R79-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90184-5","volume":"37","author":"Logghe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R80-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9702500607","volume":"25","author":"Loo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R81-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000346","volume":"19","author":"Luna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R82-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.2.6.486-497.1975","volume":"2","author":"Mackel","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R83-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-3397(98)80512-0","volume":"14","author":"Madeo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"R84-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0930","volume":"48","author":"Mahieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R85-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.0984","volume":"48","author":"Mahieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R87-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90425-3","volume":"70","author":"Maki","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R89-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90605-7","volume":"70","author":"Maki","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R90-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90579-7","volume":"85","author":"Maki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R91-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-6-867","volume":"79","author":"Maki","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R93-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90639-5","volume":"83","author":"Maki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R95-7-20160304","first-page":"51","volume":"18","author":"Maki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R98-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90713-0","volume":"60","author":"Maki","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R99-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90479-9","volume":"338","author":"Maki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R100-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00001","volume":"127","author":"Maki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R101-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199422110-00006","volume":"22","author":"Maki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R105-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00003","volume":"127","author":"Marr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R106-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05080.x","volume":"42","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R107-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607187011003259","volume":"11","author":"McCarthy","year":"1987","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R109-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010208","volume":"7","author":"Mermel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R110-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00009","volume":"132","author":"Mermel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R111-7-20160304","first-page":"180","volume":"24","author":"Mermel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Intraven Nurs"},{"key":"R112-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.4.8143037","volume":"149","author":"Mermel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R113-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90369-9","volume":"91","author":"Mermel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R114-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.4.920","volume":"167","author":"Mermel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R115-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.700","volume":"286","author":"Merrer","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R116-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-199609000-00004","volume":"13","author":"Michalopoulos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R117-7-20160304","first-page":"180","volume":"73","author":"Michel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"R118-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/000313489906500206","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"R119-7-20160304","first-page":"103","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Intraven Nurs"},{"key":"R120-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199611000-00010","volume":"24","author":"Mimoz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R121-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/30145577","volume":"15","author":"Moro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R122-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200011000-00005","volume":"17","author":"Moss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R123-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198502000-00018","volume":"201","author":"Myers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R124-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00366902","volume":"1","author":"Newman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"R125-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70026-X","volume":"27","author":"Nikoletti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"R126-7-20160304","first-page":"33","volume":"175","author":"Norwood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R127-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200005000-00019","volume":"28","author":"Norwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R128-7-20160304","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"R129-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00439.x","volume":"58","author":"Oliver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R130-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420160062008","volume":"154","author":"Parenti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R131-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2307\/30141155","volume":"17","author":"Pearson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R132-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430210084018","volume":"131","author":"Pemberton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R133-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720121","volume":"72","author":"Pettigrew","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R135-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510440058033","volume":"271","author":"Pittet","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R136-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1154-9","volume":"28","author":"Polderman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R137-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607188012002127","volume":"12","author":"Powell","year":"1988","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R138-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718200600143","volume":"6","author":"Powell","year":"1982","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R139-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607185009004443","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"1985","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R140-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2307\/30145574","volume":"15","author":"Raad","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R141-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10006-X","volume":"351","author":"Raad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R142-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.197","volume":"15","author":"Raad","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R143-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00002","volume":"127","author":"Raad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R144-7-20160304","first-page":"807","volume":"13","author":"Raad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infections in Medicine"},{"key":"R145-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-2-97","volume":"33","author":"Rahman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R146-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800029939","volume":"102","author":"Rahman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R147-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.1.165","volume":"113","author":"Randolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R148-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199808000-00038","volume":"26","author":"Randolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R149-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089701700427","volume":"17","author":"Rao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"R150-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.232","volume":"103","author":"Rello","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R151-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-3397(97)80688-X","volume":"13","author":"Reynolds","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"R152-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.11.2520-2525.1990","volume":"28","author":"Richet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R153-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.7.1870","volume":"13","author":"Riu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R154-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1086\/501690","volume":"21","author":"Robert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R155-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.72.4.325","volume":"72","author":"Rubie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R156-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-001-0085-5","volume":"3","author":"Safdar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"R157-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800801021","volume":"80","author":"Savage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R158-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.4.489","volume":"42","author":"Schmitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R159-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199604000-00004","volume":"223","author":"Segura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R160-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198701000-00007","volume":"15","author":"Senagore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R161-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V961085","volume":"9","author":"Sesso","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R162-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199010000-00007","volume":"73","author":"Shapiro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R164-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00007","volume":"132","author":"Sherertz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R165-7-20160304","first-page":"355","volume":"97","author":"Sitges-Serra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R166-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008006668","volume":"8","author":"Sitges-Serra","year":"1984","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R167-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1189","volume":"58","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R168-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.1.164","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R169-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198811000-00018","volume":"208","author":"Snyder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R170-7-20160304","first-page":"165","volume":"64","author":"Still","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"R171-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0687","volume":"44","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R172-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709582","volume":"16","author":"Tacconelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R173-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1997.01430360094017","volume":"132","author":"Tennenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R174-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00004","volume":"130","author":"Timsit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R175-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540170060033","volume":"276","author":"Timsit","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R176-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.2.9577500","volume":"207","author":"Trerotola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R177-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92553-8","volume":"1","author":"Uldall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R178-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9602400305","volume":"24","author":"van Heerden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R179-7-20160304","first-page":"77","volume":"15","author":"Vassilomanolakis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"R180-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.5.865","volume":"160","author":"Vaudaux","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R181-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.261","volume":"281","author":"Veenstra","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R182-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963064","volume":"7","author":"Weightman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R183-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2307\/30145423","volume":"9","author":"Yeung","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R184-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607188012004365","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"1988","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"R185-7-20160304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(95)90065-9","volume":"31","author":"Zakrzewska-Bode","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005792-200211000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T19:22:03Z","timestamp":1786044123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005792-200211000-00007"}},"subtitle":["Implications for Preventive Strategies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005792-200211000-00007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}