{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:14:59Z","timestamp":1792451699171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv Skin Wound Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>GENERAL PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To present a comprehensive review of patient-centered outcomes of topical or systemic interventions applied to those with shingles or postherpetic neuralgia to inform clinical practice and identify related research needs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>TARGET AUDIENCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LEARNING OBJECTIVES\/OUTCOMES<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After participating in this educational activity, the participant will be able to:<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>1. Explain the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of herpes zoster (HZ).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>2. Identify interventions that have resulted in documented improvement of validated patient-centered outcomes in patients with HZ or postherpetic neuralgia.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>3. Recognize the average per patient medical costs of HZ in the US.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One in three people endure herpes zoster (HZ; also known as shingles) during their lifetime, experiencing pain, secondary infections, postherpetic neuralgia, reduced quality of life, and considerable patient costs. These patient burdens remain to be reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To perform a comprehensive review of patient-centered outcomes of topical or systemic interventions applied to those with shingles or postherpetic neuralgia to inform clinical practice and identify related research needs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The PubMed database was searched with supplementary Google Scholar searches for Medical Subject Headings \u201cshingles\u201d or \u201cpost-herpetic neuralgia\u201d to find clinical studies documenting validated patient-centered outcomes: pain, secondary infection, healing, function, depression, social isolation, treatment costs, or quality of life. Six representative case studies were examined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DATA SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pertinent original and derivative clinical study references were included. Preclinical studies, reviews, or studies of non-HZ conditions were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two authors tabulated clinical efficacy evidence for interventions affecting patient-centered outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Evidence supported efficacy for systemic antiviral or topical anesthetic interventions improving pain, healing, sleep, vision, or quality of life for those with HZ or postherpetic neuralgia. Patient cases reported improved pain and\/or sleep using occlusive dressings. Treatment costs and secondary infections were reported only in cases or cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Randomized clinical research focused on medications improving patient pain, healing, sleep, or vision outcomes. Research is needed measuring outcomes of adding occlusive dressings to optimal care and effects on secondary infections and treatment costs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asw.0000737412.71091.4f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T20:49:20Z","timestamp":1618606160000},"page":"239-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Patient-Centered Wound Outcomes: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Faller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Kirsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2198-y","article-title":"Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"bib2-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.02.021","article-title":"Economic burden of herpes zoster (\u201cculebrilla\u201d) in Latin America","volume":"58","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/2051013615599151","article-title":"Herpes zoster epidemiology, management, and disease and economic burden in Europe: a multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Adv Vaccines"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-015-0394-3","article-title":"Estimated human and economic burden of four major adult vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, 2013","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000323588.19981.28","article-title":"Herpes zoster: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment\u20142008 update","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"bib6-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.7.noc60049","article-title":"Improvement of postherpetic neuralgia after treatment with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral valacyclovir","volume":"63","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"bib7-20250615","first-page":"CD008858","article-title":"Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults","volume":"3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12676","article-title":"Evidence supporting wound care end points relevant to clinical practice and patients' lives. 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