{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:58:50Z","timestamp":1791417530814,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,16]],"date-time":"2006-01-16T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1137402055000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Predictors and Correlates of High Levels of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Children at Age 10"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sharon L","family":"Leech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A","family":"Larkby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib1","series-title":"Handbook of Psychiatric Measures","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib2","series-title":"National Longitudinal Study of Youth Child Handbook","author":"Baker","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib3","series-title":"Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development","author":"Bayley","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674","article-title":"Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine year follow-up study of Alameda County residents","volume":"109","author":"Berkman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00011","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years: I","volume":"35","author":"Birmaher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00312-1","article-title":"Psychiatric sequelae of low birth weight at 11 years of age","volume":"47","author":"Breslau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.11.1039","article-title":"Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders","volume":"59","author":"Brook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib8","series-title":"Early Developing Personality Traits","author":"Buss","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198812000-00004","article-title":"The clinical assessment of a child's social and physical environment during health visits","volume":"9","author":"Casey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.2.221","article-title":"The development of depression in children and adolescents","volume":"53","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2004.01401002.x","article-title":"Peripubertal girls' romantic and platonic involvement with boys: associations with body image and depression symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Compian","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01372-0","article-title":"Development and natural history of mood disorders","volume":"52","author":"Costello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb21002.x","article-title":"Methodological issues in the measurement of substance use","volume":"562","author":"Day","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000026416","article-title":"Maternal exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid HU-210: effects on the endocrine and immune systems of the adult male offspring","volume":"7","author":"del Arco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2307\/2136536","article-title":"Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the PERI life events scale","volume":"19","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib16","series-title":"Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Volume 7. Adolescence: Opportunities and Challenges","first-page":"47","article-title":"Round holes, square pegs, rocky roads, and sore feet: a discussion of stage-environment fit theory applied to families and school","author":"Eccles","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.3.550","article-title":"The relationship of self-reported distress to depressive disorders and other psychopathology","volume":"62","author":"Fechner-Bates","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.1.66","article-title":"Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood","volume":"62","author":"Fergusson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80853-8","article-title":"Home Screening Questionnaire: its validity in assessing home environment","volume":"108","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.03.010","article-title":"Prenatal marijuana exposure: effect on child depressive symptoms at ten years of age","volume":"27","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.253","article-title":"Severity, chronicity, and timing of maternal depression and risk for adolescent offspring diagnoses in a community sample","volume":"60","author":"Hammen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00091-2","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of depressed probands: I. Comparison of prepubertal, adolescent and early adult onset cases","volume":"42","author":"Harrington","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.215","article-title":"Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression","volume":"59","author":"Jaffee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib24","series-title":"Health Behavior Questionnaire","author":"Jessor","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100063009","article-title":"Depression in a sample of 9-year-old children: prevalence and associated characteristics","volume":"40","author":"Kashani","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01129-5","article-title":"Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective","volume":"49","author":"Kessler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib27","series-title":"The Children's Depression Inventory","author":"Kovacs","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib28","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00015","article-title":"Anxious children in adulthood: a prospective study of adjustment","volume":"36","author":"Last","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199407000-00006","article-title":"Major depression in community adolescents: age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence","volume":"33","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.302","article-title":"Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression","volume":"103","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1584","article-title":"Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder in a community sample: predictors of recurrence in young adults","volume":"157","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib33","series-title":"Cross National Research and Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency","article-title":"Development of a new measure of self-reported antisocial behavior for young children: prevalence and reliability","author":"Loeber","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.3.374","article-title":"Positive and negative affectivity in children: confirmatory factor analysis of a two-factor model and its relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression","volume":"67","author":"Lonigan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04595.x","article-title":"Parent ratings of behavior in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and IQ-matched controls","volume":"24","author":"Mattson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.4.545","article-title":"Mediators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing and disruptive behavior disorders","volume":"17","author":"McCarty","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib37","series-title":"Family Environment Scale: Manual","author":"Moos","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90110-4","article-title":"Motor behavior and nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity in adult rats perinatally exposed to cannabinoids","volume":"47","author":"Navarro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.1002","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant negative affect as precursors of depressive features in children","volume":"22","author":"O'Connor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inf Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00310.x","article-title":"Fears in British children and their relationship to manifest anxiety and depression","volume":"32","author":"Ollendick","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib41","first-page":"365","article-title":"Peer relationships in hyperactive children. Description and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Pelham","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Learn Behav Disabil"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1983.12085047","article-title":"National normative and reliability data for the revised children's manifest anxiety scale","volume":"12","author":"Reynolds","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sch Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919131","article-title":"What I think and feel: a revised measure of Children's Manifest Anxiety","volume":"6","author":"Reynolds","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00182","article-title":"Negative life events as an account of age-related differences in the genetic aetiology of depression in childhood and adolescence","volume":"44","author":"Rice","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199411000-00010","article-title":"Are adolescents changed by an episode of major depression?","volume":"33","author":"Rohde","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib47","first-page":"93","article-title":"Psychosocial stressors of drug-abusing disadvantaged adolescent mothers","volume":"32","author":"Scafidi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib48","series-title":"Health and Health Behavior Among Young People. WHO Policy Series: Health Policy for Children and Adolescent, Issue 1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Adolescents' general health and wellbeing","author":"Scheidt","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.464","article-title":"The relationship between automatic thoughts and negative emotions in children and adolescents: a test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis","volume":"113","author":"Schniering","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025768504415","article-title":"Family support and conflict: prospective relations to adolescent depression","volume":"25","author":"Sheeber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199811000-00014","article-title":"Family environments of adolescents with lifetime depression: associations with maternal depression history","volume":"37","author":"Shiner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib52","series-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198206000-00001","article-title":"Development and psychopathology of children with the fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Steinhausen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib54","series-title":"The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale","author":"Thorndike","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021853600645","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults","volume":"32","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib56","first-page":"510","article-title":"Smoking-related correlates of depressive symptoms in low-income pregnant women","volume":"28","author":"Vander Weg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.015","article-title":"In utero marijuana exposure associated with abnormal amygdala dopamine Dx gene expression in the human fetus","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00910770","article-title":"The structure and correlates of self-reported symptoms in 11-year-old children","volume":"17","author":"Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.12.1837","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence","volume":"89","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90170-1","article-title":"Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviors","volume":"160","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709620074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709620074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1626971341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856709620074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856709620074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.chi.0000184930.18552.4d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}