{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:29:35Z","timestamp":1793172575421,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Twins Early Development Study is funded by MRC","award":["G0500079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0500079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,22]],"date-time":"2006-05-22T05:43:48Z","timestamp":1148276628000},"page":"691-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":371,"title":["Genetic Heterogeneity Between the Three Components of the Autism Spectrum: A Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"ANGELICA","family":"RONALD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FRANCESCA","family":"HAPP\u00c9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PATRICK","family":"BOLTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LEE M.","family":"BUTCHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THOMAS S.","family":"PRICE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SALLY","family":"WHEELWRIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SIMON","family":"BARON-COHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROBERT","family":"PLOMIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028099","article-title":"Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study","volume":"25","author":"Bailey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471","article-title":"The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians","volume":"31","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x","article-title":"A case-control family history study of autism","volume":"35","author":"Bolton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1086\/320588","article-title":"Evidence for a susceptibility gene for autism on chromosome 2 and for genetic heterogeneity","volume":"68","author":"Buxbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib6","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025014929212","article-title":"Validation of a brief quantitative measure of autistic traits: comparison of the social responsiveness scale with the autism diagnostic interview-revised","volume":"33","author":"Constantino","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200002000-00002","article-title":"Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"21","author":"Constantino","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.12.2043","article-title":"Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior","volume":"157","author":"Constantino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.5.524","article-title":"Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study","volume":"60","author":"Constantino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000003810","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of twin data: etiology of deviant scores versus individual differences","volume":"37","author":"DeFries","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x","article-title":"Infantile autism: a genetic study of 21 twin pairs","volume":"18","author":"Folstein","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1375\/13690520460741444","article-title":"X inactivation as a source of behavioral differences in monozygotic female twins","volume":"7","author":"Loat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02361160","article-title":"The Cholesky approach: a cautionary note","volume":"26","author":"Loehlin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib15","series-title":"Mx Statistical Modeling","author":"Neale","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib16","series-title":"Behavior Genetics","author":"Plomin","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8209254","article-title":"The genetic basis of complex human behaviors","volume":"264","author":"Plomin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.3.3.129","article-title":"Infant zygosity can be assigned by parental report questionnaire data","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2000","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023494408079","article-title":"A model-fitting implementation of the DeFries-Fulker model for selected twin data","volume":"33","author":"Purcell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00433.x","article-title":"The genetic relationship between individual differences in social and nonsocial behaviors characteristic of autism","volume":"8","author":"Ronald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib21","series-title":"Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)","author":"Rutter","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1375\/136905200320565193","article-title":"Parent ratings of temperament in twins: explaining the 'too low' DZ correlations","volume":"3","author":"Saudino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361302006001003","article-title":"The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test): preliminary development of a UK screen for mainstream primary-school-age children","volume":"6","author":"Scott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.6.559","article-title":"Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents","volume":"175","author":"Scourfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","article-title":"Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability","volume":"86","author":"Shrout","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x","article-title":"A twin study of autism in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden","volume":"30","author":"Steffenburg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1086\/426951","article-title":"Genetic investigation of quantitative traits related to autism: use of multivariate polygenic models with ascertainment adjustment","volume":"76","author":"Sung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1375\/136905202320906255","article-title":"Twins' Early Development Study (TEDS): a multivariate, longitudinal genetic investigation of language, cognition and behavior problems in childhood","volume":"5","author":"Trouton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361305049029","article-title":"The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test): test accuracy","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531339","article-title":"Language, social, and cognitive impairments in autism and severe mental retardation","volume":"11","author":"Wing","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709612272?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709612272?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1568270091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856709612272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856709612272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}