{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:27:59Z","timestamp":1789565279207,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000245198.80847.ff","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,5]],"date-time":"2007-02-05T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1170650264000},"page":"32-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Cutaneous Vasculitis Update: Neutrophilic Muscular Vessel and Eosinophilic, Granulomatous, and Lymphocytic Vasculitis Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J Andrew","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-Ron","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000181109.54532.c5","article-title":"Cutaneous vasculitis update: Diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation and prognosis.","volume":"27","author":"Carlson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R3-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci015","article-title":"Primary systemic vasculitis: clinical features and mortality.","volume":"98","author":"Lane","year":"2005","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"R4-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390720","article-title":"Effect of classification on the incidence of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis.","volume":"39","author":"Watts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R5-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1191\/096120398678920055","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"Lhote","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R6-7-20210202","first-page":"14","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa.","volume":"18","author":"Bonsib","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R7-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc020116","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 3-2003. A 36-year-old man with renal failure, hypertension, and neurologic abnormalities.","volume":"348","author":"Coblyn","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05176.x","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in patients presenting with atrophie blanche.","volume":"148","author":"Mimouni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.6601645.x","article-title":"Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa: a clinicopathological study of 79 cases.","volume":"136","author":"Daoud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01582.x","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a clinical and histopathological study of 20 cases.","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630090045009","article-title":"Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa.","volume":"110","author":"Diaz-Perez","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.03.065","article-title":"Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in children.","volume":"53","author":"Fathalla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.8.909","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of juvenile-onset cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa associated with streptococcal infection.","volume":"36","author":"Till","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R14-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640250058016","article-title":"Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa: immunofluorescence studies.","volume":"116","author":"Diaz-Perez","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R15-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70303-X","article-title":"Cutaneous vasculitis update.","volume":"19","author":"Gibson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"R16-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0067-3","article-title":"Endothelial cells, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis.","volume":"6","author":"Cid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"R17-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680090084009","article-title":"Benign cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Relationship to systemic polyarteritis nodosa and to hepatitis B infection.","volume":"127","author":"Minkowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1997.1810596.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of the epidemiology of nodular vasculitis followed up in the National Skin Centre, Singapore.","volume":"22","author":"Kwok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114735","article-title":"Panniculitis. Part II. Mostly lobular panniculitis.","volume":"45","author":"Requena","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1967.tb15822.x","article-title":"Bacterial antigens and aggregated gamma globulin in the lesions of nodular vasculitis.","volume":"79","author":"Parish","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199708000-00003","article-title":"The histopathologic spectrum of erythema induratum of Bazin.","volume":"19","author":"Schneider","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R22-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690090083012","article-title":"Recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis. A novel eosinophil-mediated syndrome.","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R23-7-20210202","first-page":"754","article-title":"Cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"140","author":"Yomoda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R24-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05568.x","article-title":"A case of recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis: successful adjuvant therapy with suplatast tosilate.","volume":"149","author":"Sakuma-Oyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200404000-00001","article-title":"Gnathostomiasis: clinicopathologic study.","volume":"26","author":"Magana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R27-7-20210202","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Association of cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis and deep vein thrombosis in hypereosinophilic syndrome.","volume":"141","author":"Liao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R28-7-20210202","first-page":"168","article-title":"Digital gangrene associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilia: treatment with allogeneic cultured dermal substitute (CDS).","volume":"14","author":"Ohtani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"R29-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2000.03726.x","article-title":"Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis and Raynauds phenomenon complicated by digital gangrene.","volume":"143","author":"Jang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R30-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1986.tb00455.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic panniculitis: a clinicopathologic study.","volume":"13","author":"Winkelmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R31-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200202000-00009","article-title":"Juvenile temporal arteritis is a manifestation of Kimura disease.","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R32-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690070055008","article-title":"Wegeners granulomatosis. Dermatological manifestations in 75 cases with clinicopathologic correlation.","volume":"130","author":"Frances","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R33-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261005","article-title":"Immunohistologic and cytochemical studies of temporal arteritis.","volume":"26","author":"Banks","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R34-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4065\/72.9.851","article-title":"Granulomatous vasculitis associated with herpes virus: a persistent, painful, postherpetic papular eruption [see comments].","volume":"72","author":"Snow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R35-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02045.x","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions at sites of herpes zoster scars: an expanded spectrum.","volume":"138","author":"Requena","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R36-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70224-1","article-title":"Cutaneous Wegeners granulomatosis: clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic features of thirty patients.","volume":"31","author":"Daoud","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R38-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029700169025","article-title":"Actinic granuloma in association with giant cell arteritis: are both caused by sunlight?","volume":"29","author":"Lau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R39-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70289-8","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of Takayasus arteritis. A clinicopathologic correlation.","volume":"17","author":"Perniciaro","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R40-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01230.x","article-title":"Cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis in metastatic Crohns disease.","volume":"19","author":"Sabat","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R41-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30505-9","article-title":"Granulomatous vasculitides and the skin.","volume":"8","author":"Gibson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"R42-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000178005.34515.7f","article-title":"Varicella-Zoster-Virus Folliculitis Promoted Clonal Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia.","volume":"27","author":"Aram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R43-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2003.300101.x","article-title":"The spectrum of cutaneous lesions in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and pathological study of 43 patients.","volume":"30","author":"Magro","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R44-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00193-X","article-title":"The dermatopathologic manifestations of hepatitis C infection: a clinical, histological, and molecular assessment of 35 cases.","volume":"34","author":"Crowson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R45-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00868.x","article-title":"Lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis.","volume":"39","author":"Magro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R46-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-003-0816-0","article-title":"Large vessel involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides: report of a case and review of the literature.","volume":"23","author":"Chirinos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R47-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.27717","article-title":"Systemic medium-sized vessel vasculitis associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.","volume":"31","author":"Hamidou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R48-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91560-5","article-title":"Atypical varicella-zoster virus infection in an immunocompromised patient: result of a virus-induced vasculitis.","volume":"32","author":"Erhard","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R49-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.39774.x","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions following herpes zoster infections: report of three cases and a review of the literature.","volume":"134","author":"Gibney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R50-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1997.tb01094.x","article-title":"Cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis after herpes zoster infection showing polyarteritis nodosa-like features.","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez-Pereira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R51-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000018359","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus vasculitis: a case of recurrent varicella without epidermal involvement.","volume":"200","author":"Uhoda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R52-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1990.tb00631.x","article-title":"Neurotropic herpesviruses, neural mechanisms and arteritis.","volume":"1","author":"Martin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"R53-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1996.tb03661.x","article-title":"Relapsing hemorrhagic varicella.","volume":"46","author":"Suwabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"R54-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01041.x","article-title":"Granulomatous vasculitis in herpes zoster scars.","volume":"33","author":"Baalbaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R55-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70066-B","article-title":"Granulomatous vasculitis occurring after cutaneous herpes zoster despite absence of viral genome.","volume":"24","author":"Langenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R56-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199412000-00003","article-title":"Viral glycoproteins in herpesviridae granulomas.","volume":"16","author":"Nikkels","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R57-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1993.tb01245.x","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus DNA in granulomatous skin lesions following herpes zoster. A study by the polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"20","author":"Serfling","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R58-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00364.x","article-title":"Are granulomatous reactions in old zoster lesions due to an immune response to varicella zoster virus envelope glucoproteins?","volume":"23","author":"Nikkels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R59-7-20210202","first-page":"108","article-title":"Recarte Garcia-Andrade C, Suarez Fernandez R, et al. [Subcutaneous panniculitis at a third level hospital retrospective study of 113 cases].","volume":"21","author":"Aviles Izquierdo","year":"2004","journal-title":"An Med Interna"},{"key":"R60-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.7.814","article-title":"Scalp necrosis in giant cell arteritis and review of the literature.","volume":"36","author":"Currey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R61-7-20210202","first-page":"24","article-title":"Giant-cell vasculitides.","volume":"18","author":"Weidner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R62-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00303-9","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of giant cell (temporal) arteritis.","volume":"6","author":"Calamia","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R63-7-20210202","first-page":"2165","article-title":"Temporal arteritis associated with systemic necrotizing vasculitis.","volume":"30","author":"Hamidou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R64-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2674::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Temporal artery biopsy: a diagnostic tool for systemic necrotizing vasculitis. French Vasculitis Study Group.","volume":"42","author":"Genereau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R65-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(82)90160-X","article-title":"Arm ischemia secondary to giant cell arteritis.","volume":"143","author":"Rivers","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R66-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00064-8","article-title":"Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.","volume":"3","author":"Weyand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"R67-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.008","article-title":"Are polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis the same disease?","volume":"33","author":"Cantini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R68-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70094-5","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis: a systemic disease with rare cutaneous manifestations.","volume":"6","author":"Baum","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R69-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01323.x","article-title":"Scalp necrosis in temporal arteritis.","volume":"28","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R70-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00373.x","article-title":"Bilateral scalp necrosis with giant cell arteritis.","volume":"30","author":"Matsushima","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R71-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199908000-00009","article-title":"Light microscopy: clues to systemic disease in reexcision specimens of basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"21","author":"LeBoit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R72-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020120038764","article-title":"Healed or quiescent temporal arteritis versus senescent changes in temporal artery biopsy specimens.","volume":"33","author":"Cox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R73-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1309\/L8HF-VM0Q-F55E-5M83","article-title":"The significance of perivascular inflammation in the absence of arteritis in temporal artery biopsy specimens.","volume":"115","author":"Corcoran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R74-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.7.481","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis: a review.","volume":"55","author":"Johnston","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R75-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01514.x","article-title":"Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Takayasus arteritis.","volume":"29","author":"Ujiie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R76-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000075039","article-title":"Takayasus disease with cutaneous involvement.","volume":"208","author":"Pascual-Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R77-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000018348","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.","volume":"200","author":"Skaria","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R78-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1984.tb00363.x","article-title":"Lymphocytic vasculitis: is it a specific clinicopathologic entity?","volume":"11","author":"Massa","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R79-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670250090015","article-title":"The natural history of vasculitis. What the histology tells us about pathogenesis.","volume":"126","author":"Smoller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R80-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2000.00419.x","article-title":"Defining lymphocytic vasculitis.","volume":"41","author":"Kossard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"R81-7-20210202","first-page":"72","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphocytic vasculitis: a definition, a review, and a proposed classification.","volume":"13","author":"Carlson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R83-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12482901","article-title":"Two distinct cellular patterns in cutaneous necrotizing angiitis.","volume":"66","author":"Soter","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R84-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08907-9","article-title":"Endothelial injury mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and loss of microvessels in chronic graft versus host disease.","volume":"359","author":"Biedermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R85-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199801000-00009","article-title":"Vasculitis associated with primary rheumatologic diseases.","volume":"10","author":"Danning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R86-7-20210202","first-page":"920","article-title":"Cutaneous vasculitis in a defined population-clinical and epidemiological associations.","volume":"25","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R87-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339700600304","article-title":"Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"6","author":"Drenkard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R88-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198811000-00007","article-title":"Angiocentric T-cell Lymphoma of the skin: an aggressive lymphoma distinct from mycosis fungoides.","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R89-7-20210202","first-page":"73","article-title":"Variants of Mycosis Fungoides and related cutaneous T cell lymphomas.","volume":"8","author":"LeBoit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R90-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70118-0","article-title":"Necrotizing vasculitis within cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides.","volume":"9","author":"Granstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R91-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199606000-00001","article-title":"Lymphomatoid papulosis and cutaneous CD30+ lymphoma.","volume":"18","author":"LeBoit","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R92-7-20210202","first-page":"67","article-title":"Angiocentric lymphomas (lymphomatous vasculitis).","volume":"18","author":"Natkunam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R93-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200506000-00022","article-title":"Dust to dust.","volume":"27","author":"LeBoit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R94-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90458-X","article-title":"Peripheral T cell lymphoma presenting as hypereosinophilia with vasculitis. Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features.","volume":"82","author":"OShea","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"R96-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509054437","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphocytic vasculopathy in lymphoproliferative disorders-a paraneoplastic lymphocytic vasculitis of the skin.","volume":"16","author":"Pavlidis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"R97-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/1042819031000139738","article-title":"Cyclic lymphocytic vasculitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","volume":"45","author":"Cabuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"R98-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.11.005","article-title":"Vascular lesion in a patient of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: vasculitis induced by mosquito bite with the infiltration of nonneoplastic Epstein-Barr virus-positive cells and subsequent development of natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma with angiodestruction.","volume":"36","author":"Kanno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R99-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2003.12.022","article-title":"Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"22","author":"Calamia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R100-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198906000-00011","article-title":"Lichenoid lymphocytic vasculitis with a high component of histiocytes. Histogenetic implications in a specified clinical setting.","volume":"11","author":"Ferguson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R102-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200104000-00006","article-title":"Benign cutaneous degos disease: a case report with emphasis on histopathology as papules chronologically evolve.","volume":"23","author":"Harvell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R103-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70142-2","article-title":"Lymphocytes and necrosis of the cutaneous microvasculature in malignant atrophic papulosis: A refined lightmicroscopic study.","volume":"7","author":"Soter","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R104-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90323-U","article-title":"Life history of cutaneous vascular lesions in Sneddons syndrome.","volume":"23","author":"Zelger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R105-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680250049006","article-title":"Sneddons syndrome. A long-term follow-up of 21 patients.","volume":"129","author":"Zelger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R106-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(05)80014-8","article-title":"Sneddon syndrome.","volume":"14","author":"Daoud","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"R107-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1869","article-title":"Immunobiologic analysis of arterial tissue in Buergers disease.","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"R108-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7967(03)00023-1","article-title":"Sr. Buergers disease in the 21st century: diagnosis, clinical features, and therapy.","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R109-7-20210202","first-page":"SII69","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.","volume":"69","author":"Barron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"R110-7-20210202","first-page":"131","article-title":"Clinical and histologic findings in Degos syndrome (malignant atrophic papulosis).","volume":"35","author":"Su","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"R111-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200308000-00005","article-title":"Degos disease: a distinctive pattern of disease, chiefly of lupus erythematosus, and not a specific disease per se.","volume":"25","author":"Ball","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R112-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.063","article-title":"Is Degos disease a clinical and histological end point rather than a specific disease?","volume":"50","author":"High","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R113-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90038-1","article-title":"Idiopathic perniosis and its mimics: a clinical and histological study of 38 cases.","volume":"28","author":"Crowson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R114-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200105000-00004","article-title":"Clinical and histopathologic features and immunologic variables in patients with severe chilblains. A study of the relationship to lupus erythematosus.","volume":"80","author":"Viguier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R115-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.4.519","article-title":"The mystery of antiphospholipid antibodies in Sneddons syndrome.","volume":"130","author":"Piette","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R116-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199504000-00006","article-title":"Sneddons syndrome-an inflammatory disorder of small arteries followed by smooth muscle proliferation. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence.","volume":"19","author":"Sepp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R117-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00001","article-title":"Sneddon syndrome with or without antiphospholipid antibodies. A comparative study in 46 patients.","volume":"78","author":"Frances","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R119-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:25:1:61","article-title":"Unusual manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome.","volume":"25","author":"Asherson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R120-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90012-8","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patients with Sneddons syndrome.","volume":"33","author":"Frances","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R121-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000197999.58073.2e","article-title":"Vasculitis and systemic infections.","volume":"18","author":"Rodriguez-Pla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R122-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441370","article-title":"Morphological observations on the vasculitis in the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. A skin biopsy study of 27 patients.","volume":"129","author":"Hirose","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R123-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198806000-00005","article-title":"Small pustules in Kawasaki disease. A clinicopathological study of four patients.","volume":"10","author":"Kimura","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R124-7-20210202","first-page":"354","article-title":"Annular pustules in Kawasaki disease: a further case indicating the association with psoriasis?","volume":"72","author":"Tsai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"R125-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00117.x","article-title":"Development of psoriatic lesions during acute and convalescent phases of Kawasaki disease.","volume":"39","author":"Zvulunov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R126-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70179-L","article-title":"Superficial thrombophlebitis. II. Secondary hypercoagulable states.","volume":"23","author":"Samlaska","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R127-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00018.x","article-title":"Mondors disease.","volume":"39","author":"Mayor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R128-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.014159","article-title":"Mondors disease of penis: a forgotten disease.","volume":"81","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R129-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000249317","article-title":"Mondors phlebitis-a lymphovascular process. Light and electron microscopic indications.","volume":"172","author":"Marsch","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"R131-7-20210202","first-page":"154","article-title":"Chronic cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa simulating recurrent thrombophlebitis.","volume":"21","author":"Zimran","year":"1985","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"R133-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2006.00419.x","article-title":"Smooth muscle pattern is more reliable than the presence or absence of an internal elastic lamina in distinguishing an artery from a vein.","volume":"33","author":"Dalton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 18","key":"R134-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0755-4982(04)72378-7","article-title":"[Progressive cannabis-induced arteritis: a clinical thromboangiitis obliterans sub-group?].","volume":"33","author":"Karila","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presse Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000372-200702000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:24:54Z","timestamp":1786033494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000372-200702000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.dad.0000245198.80847.ff","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-1091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-1091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}