{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1792327932054,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000239974.69464.f2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T19:53:25Z","timestamp":1614282805000},"page":"93-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":312,"title":["CYP2D6 worldwide genetic variation shows high frequency of altered activity variants and no continental structure"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sistonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Sajantila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Corander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Barbujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Fuselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500285","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6): clinical consequences, evolutionary aspects and functional diversity","volume":"5","author":"Ingelman-Sundberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"R2-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1517\/14622416.3.2.229","article-title":"CYP2D6 allele frequency in European Caucasians, Asians, Africans and their descendants","volume":"3","author":"Bradford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"R3-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb025007","article-title":"The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice","volume":"348","author":"Burchard","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb022863","article-title":"Race and genomics","volume":"348","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.4.070802.110356","article-title":"Race, ancestry, and genes: implications for defining disease risk","volume":"4","author":"Kittles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"R6-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1435","article-title":"Genetic variation, classification and \u2018race\u2019","volume":"36","author":"Jorde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R7-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1438","article-title":"Implications of biogeography of human populations for \u2018race\u2019 and medicine","volume":"36","author":"Tishkoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R8-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2174\/1389202054395973","article-title":"Human races: classifying people vs. understanding diversity","volume":"6","author":"Barbujani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Genom"},{"key":"R9-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.214902","article-title":"Patterns of human diversity, within and among continents, inferred from biallelic DNA polymorphisms","volume":"12","author":"Romualdi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"R10-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2529604","article-title":"Evidence for gradients of human genetic diversity within and among continents","volume":"14","author":"Serre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"R11-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078311","article-title":"Genetic structure of human populations","volume":"298","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R12-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1086\/368061","article-title":"Human population genetic structure and inference of group membership","volume":"72","author":"Bamshad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R13-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1086\/427888","article-title":"Genetic structure, self-identified race\/ethnicity, and confounding in case-control association studies","volume":"76","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R14-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/ng761","article-title":"Population genetic structure of variable drug response","volume":"29","author":"Wilson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R15-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"comment","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-comment2007","article-title":"Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease.","volume":"3","author":"Risch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"R16-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1437","article-title":"Will tomorrow's medicines work for everyone?","volume":"36","author":"Tate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R17-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048271","article-title":"Race-based therapeutics","volume":"351","author":"Bloche","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R18-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042934","article-title":"Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure","volume":"351","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R19-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7499.1036","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics and ethnically targeted therapies","volume":"330","author":"Rahemtulla","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R20-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5566.261b","article-title":"A human genome diversity cell line panel","volume":"296","author":"Cann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R21-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.046466","article-title":"CYP2D6 genotyping by a multiplex primer extension reaction","volume":"51","author":"Sistonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R22-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1086\/319501","article-title":"A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data","volume":"68","author":"Stephens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R23-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1086\/379378","article-title":"A comparison of bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction from population genotype data","volume":"73","author":"Stephens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R24-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/49.1.49","article-title":"The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations: heterotic models","volume":"49","author":"Lewontin","year":"1964","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R25-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245622","article-title":"Linkage disequilibrium in finite populations","volume":"38","author":"Hill","year":"1968","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"R26-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1086\/302727","article-title":"Linkage disequilibrium and allele-frequency distributions for 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in five populations","volume":"66","author":"Goddard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R27-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg359","article-title":"DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods","volume":"19","author":"Rozas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R28-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x","article-title":"TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies","volume":"9","author":"Clement","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"R29-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-003-0832-2","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 2D6: overview and update on pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry","volume":"369","author":"Zanger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"R30-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/131.2.479","article-title":"Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data","volume":"131","author":"Excoffier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R31-1-20210212","article-title":"Arlequin, v 2.000: a software for population genetics data analysis","author":"Schneider","year":"2000"},{"key":"R32-1-20210212","article-title":"PASSAGE: Pattern analysis, spatial statistics and geographic exegesis. Version 1.0","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"R33-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507611102","article-title":"Support from the relationship of genetic and geographic distance in human populations for a serial founder effect originating in Africa","volume":"102","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R34-1-20210212","first-page":"209","article-title":"The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach","volume":"27","author":"Mantel","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R35-1-20210212","first-page":"441","article-title":"Frequent distribution of ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine in an Ethiopian population carrying duplicated and multiduplicated functional CYP2D6 alleles","volume":"278","author":"Aklillu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R36-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199706000-00003","article-title":"Frequent occurrence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in Saudi Arabians","volume":"7","author":"McLellan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"R37-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201243","article-title":"Molecular diversity at the CYP2D6 locus in the Mediterranean region","volume":"12","author":"Fuselli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R38-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4516","article-title":"An apportionment of human DNA diversity","volume":"94","author":"Barbujani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R39-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1086\/302825","article-title":"The distribution of human genetic diversity: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal, and Y-chromosome data","volume":"66","author":"Jorde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R40-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069424","article-title":"The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome","volume":"296","author":"Gabriel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R41-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2003.10.010","article-title":"Role of evolutionary history on haplotype block structure in the human genome: implications for disease mapping","volume":"13","author":"Tishkoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"R42-1-20210212","article-title":"The history and geography of human genes","author":"Cavalli-Sforza","year":"1994"},{"key":"R43-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1086\/301861","article-title":"A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations","volume":"62","author":"Tishkoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R44-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/163.1.367","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of genetic differentiation between populations","volume":"163","author":"Corander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R45-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth250","article-title":"BAPS 2: enhanced possibilities for the analysis of genetic population structure","volume":"20","author":"Corander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R46-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2000.10.27","article-title":"Fluoxetine-related death in a child with cytochrome P-450 2D6 genetic deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Sallee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R48-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041888","article-title":"Codeine intoxication associated with ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolism","volume":"351","author":"Gasche","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R49-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.02.008","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics in admixed populations","volume":"26","author":"Suarez-Kurtz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R50-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020021","article-title":"Inheritance and drug response","volume":"348","author":"Weinshilboum","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R51-1-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02626","article-title":"Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics","volume":"429","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Pharmacogenetics and Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01213011-200702000-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T13:30:33Z","timestamp":1619443833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01213011-200702000-00001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.fpc.0000239974.69464.f2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-6872"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-6872","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}