{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:36:47Z","timestamp":1786541807907,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute liver failure, commonly caused by acetaminophen overdose, is associated with numerous systemic complications including cerebral edema, hypotension, acute kidney injury, and infection. Management is primarily supportive, with an emphasis on excellent neurocritical care. Although some antidotes and targeted treatments exist, the only definitive treatment remains orthotopic liver transplant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jaa.0000000000000001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T04:07:29Z","timestamp":1712722049000},"page":"22-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute liver failure"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasleen K.","family":"Bolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa H.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"R1-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002340","article-title":"Acute liver failure guidelines","volume":"118","author":"Shingina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8866","key":"R2-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91818-7","article-title":"Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes","volume":"342","author":"O'Grady","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8866","key":"R3-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91809-Z","article-title":"Classifying acute liver failure","volume":"342","author":"Bernuau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"R4-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208937","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"369","author":"Bernal","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10201","key":"R5-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31894-X","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"394","author":"Stravitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25551","article-title":"Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on acute liver failure 2011","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10240","key":"R7-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30046-5","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"395","author":"Vento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0935-y","article-title":"The incidence, etiologies, outcomes, and predictors of mortality of acute liver failure in Thailand: a population-base study","volume":"19","author":"Thanapirom","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R9-20260812","article-title":"Reye syndrome","author":"Chapman","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/638131","article-title":"Acute fatty liver of pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Ko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R11-20260812","first-page":"83","article-title":"Brain and the liver: cerebral edema, hepatic encephalopathy and beyond","author":"Nanchal","journal-title":"Hepatic Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"R12-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2013.837264","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in acute liver failure: a review","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R13-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000063219.21313.32","article-title":"Phosphorus as an early predictive factor in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"75","author":"Baquerizo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1301737","article-title":"Infectious complications of acute and chronic liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Leber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R15-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1018-z","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy: definition, clinical grading and diagnostic principles","volume":"79","author":"Weissenborn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R16-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.06.002","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"21","author":"Bunchorntavakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"R17-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.01.005","article-title":"Modern management of acute liver failure","volume":"47","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2018.06.005","article-title":"Neurological recovery after recovery from acute liver failure: is it complete","volume":"9","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R19-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0168-z","article-title":"Emergency neurological life support: intracranial hypertension and herniation","volume":"23","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"R21-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13761-2_30","article-title":"Intensive care management of severe acute liver failure","volume":"2015","author":"Warrillow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Update Intensive Care Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R22-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2021.03.005","article-title":"Acetaminophen poisoning","volume":"37","author":"Chiew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1996591","article-title":"Fomepizole as an adjunct in acetylcysteine treated acetaminophen overdose patients: a case series","volume":"60","author":"Link","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R24-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.006","article-title":"Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"R25-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111763","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption in brain-injured patients","volume":"12","author":"Siwicka-Gieroba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"R26-20260812","first-page":"51657","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adult acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure in the ICU (Part II)","author":"Nanchal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R27-20260812","article-title":"Emergency neurological life support","author":"Ratcliff"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004193","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adult acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure in the ICU","volume":"48","author":"Nanchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R29-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040108","article-title":"Nutritional support in acute liver failure","volume":"10","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"R30-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01320216","article-title":"The role of RRT in hyperammonemic patients","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R31-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29488","article-title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with reduced serum ammonia levels and mortality in acute liver failure","volume":"67","author":"Cardoso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R32-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.02.004","article-title":"MARS: should I use it","volume":"28","author":"Cheungpasitporn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"R33-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00005","article-title":"Albumin dialysis with a noncell artificial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"159","author":"Saliba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"R34-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i8.904","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange in liver failure","volume":"13","author":"Chris-Olaiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"R35-20260812","first-page":"viii5","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure: etiology and indications for liver transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Gotthardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"R36-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v11.i6.187","article-title":"Liver transplantation in acute liver failure: dilemmas and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"R37-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22177","article-title":"Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"47","key":"R38-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005431","article-title":"Acute liver failure caused by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults","volume":"95","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"R39-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01388.x","article-title":"Population-based surveillance for acute liver failure","volume":"102","author":"Bower","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R40-20260812","first-page":"12","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies for drug-induced liver injury: a current literature review","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R41-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24643","article-title":"Budd-Chiari syndrome causing acute liver failure: a multicenter case series","volume":"23","author":"Parekh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R42-20260812","first-page":"21","article-title":"Liver transplantation in acute liver failure due to hepatitis B. Two clinical cases","author":"Sedano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"35","key":"R43-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027139","article-title":"Acute liver failure due to herpes simplex virus: diagnostic clues and potential role of plasmapheresis","volume":"100","author":"Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"R44-20260812","first-page":"21","article-title":"Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult","author":"Zahid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"R45-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00199-6","article-title":"Use of cidofovir in recent outbreak of adenovirus-associated acute liver failure in children","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R46-20260812","article-title":"Acute liver failure due to disseminated varicella zoster infection","author":"Brewer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R47-20260812","article-title":"Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Rahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"R48-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.153035","article-title":"Acute liver failure in pregnancy: challenges and management","volume":"59","author":"Pandey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R49-20260812","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Acute liver failure caused by Amanita phalloides poisoning","author":"Santi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R50-20260812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000500104","article-title":"Single pass albumin dialysis and plasma exchange for copper toxicity in acute Wilson disease","volume":"9","author":"Bakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol Dial"}],"container-title":["JAAPA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000000000000001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:00:40Z","timestamp":1786539640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000000000000001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.jaa.0000000000000001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-1896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-1896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}