{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:57:45Z","timestamp":1790013465506,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Herpes zoster, or shingles, caused by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus, can occur in patients of any age, but is more common in older adults. Patient history is critical in reaching a diagnosis, not only to manage the outbreak effectively, but also to prevent severe complications such as dissemination of the virus into the central nervous system. This article describes recent changes in diagnostic testing, treatment, prevention, and practice guidelines as well as the approach clinicians should take when evaluating patients with herpes zoster and assessing risk for complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jaa.0000892712.73041.ae","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T20:00:09Z","timestamp":1667937609000},"page":"13-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Herpes zoster"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Kelley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"R1-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz652","article-title":"The epidemiology of herpes zoster in immunocompetent, unvaccinated adults \u226550 years old: incidence, complications, hospitalization, mortality, and recurrence","volume":"222","author":"Tseng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy953","article-title":"The epidemiology of herpes zoster in the United States during the era of varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: changing patterns among older adults","volume":"69","author":"Harpaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy954","article-title":"The epidemiology of herpes zoster in the United States during the era of varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: changing patterns among children","volume":"69","author":"Harpaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-20250605","article-title":"Herpes zoster","author":"Ridzon"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.OJO_142_2019","article-title":"Posttraumatic maxillary and ophthalmic herpes zoster in an immune-competent female--a unique presentation","volume":"13","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250605","article-title":"Cranial neuropathies","author":"Callaghan"},{"key":"R10-20250605","author":"Schwartz","journal-title":"Postherpetic neuralgia"},{"key":"R11-20250605","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus","author":"Minor"},{"key":"R14-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S168504","article-title":"Gabapentin use, abuse, and the US opioid epidemic: the case for reclassification as a controlled substance and the need for pharmacovigilance","volume":"11","author":"Peckham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"R15-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7103a2","article-title":"Use of recombinant zoster vaccine in immunocompromised adults aged \u226519 years: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices--United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R16-20250605","article-title":"Immunizations in adults","author":"Ostrovsky"},{"issue":"7","key":"R18-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217749","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217749","article-title":"Varicella zoster immune globulin (VARIZIG) administration up to 10 days after varicella exposure in pregnant women, immunocompromised participants, and infants: varicella outcomes and safety results from a large, open-label, expanded-access program","volume":"14","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["JAAPA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000892712.73041.ae","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T20:05:32Z","timestamp":1749153932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000892712.73041.ae"}},"subtitle":["A primary care approach to diagnosis and treatment"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.jaa.0000892712.73041.ae","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-1896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-1896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}